NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES

Dept. of Anatomy
San Beda College of Medicine

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EXTERNAL NOSE
 Projects from the face
 Vary in size and shape bec
of differences in nasal
cartilage
 Parts:
1] Root – superior angle
2] Apex – tip
3] Nares – 2 piriform openings
4] Alae – lateral boundaries
5] Nasal septum – middle struc
w/c separates 2 nares
6] Vestibule – w/ stiff hairs

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Skeletal part
 Nasal bones
 Frontal proc of maxillae
 Nasal part of frontal bone
Cartilaginous Part
 2 Lateral cartilage
 2 Alar cartilage
 1 Septal cartilage

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Nasal Septum
 Divides the chamber of
the nose into 2 nasal
cavities:
 Components:

1] Perpendicular plate of
ethmoid- forms superior
part of the nasal septum
2] Vomer- thin flat bone
3] Septal cartilage-
articulates w/ bony septum

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Nasal Cavities
 Open posteriorly into the
nasopharynx thru the choanae
 Mucosa lines the NC except for
vestibule
 Nasal mucosa

1] Olfactory area
- superior 1/3
- contains organ of smell

2] Respiratory area
- inferior 2/3
- where air is warmed and
moistened before it goes to resp
tract

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Nasal Concha
 3 scroll-shaped elevations
 Superior,middle,inferior
 Divide the nasal cavity
into 4 passages
1] Sphenoethmoidal recess
2] Superior meatus
3] Middle meatus
4] Inferior meatus

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Nasal Passages
 Sphenoethmoidal recess
- sphenoidal sinus
 Superior meatus
-posterior ethmoidal sinus
 Middle meatus
-anterior/middle
ethmoidal sinus
-frontal sinus
-maxillary sinus
 Inferior meatus
-nasolacrimal duct

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Vasculature
 Arterial Supply:
Branches of:
1.Sphenopalatine artery
2.Anterior and posterior
ethmoidal a
3.Greater palatine a
4.Superior labial a
5.Lateral nasal branches of facial
a
>Kiesselbach’s area- anterior,
where all arteries anastomose,
where nose bleeding occurs
 Venous drainage
- Sphenopalatine,facial and
ophthalmic veins

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Nerve Supply
 Nasal septum
 Nasopalatine n
 Greater palatine n
 Anterior ethmoidal n
 Posterior ethmoidal n
 Smell
 Olfactory n

 Olfactory bulb -

forebrain

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PARANASAL SINUSES
 Air-filled extensions of
the respiratory part of the
nasal cavity into the ff
cranial bones:
 FRONTAL
 ETHMOID

 SPHENOID

 MAXILLARY

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FRONTAL SINUS
 Between outer and inner
tables of frontal bone
 Detectable by 7 yo
 Drains thru frontonasal
duct into infundibulum
w/c opens into semilunar
hiatus of middle meatus
 NS: br of supraorbital n

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ETHMOIDAL SINUS
 Comprise several cavities-
ethmoidal cells
 At ethmoid bone
 Parts:
 Anterior

–drain into middle meatus

 Middle

– form ethmoidal
bulla,drain into middle
meatus
 Posterior

- drain into superior meatus

 NS: Nasociliary n[CN V1]

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Sphenoidal Sinus
 Unevenly divided
 Body of sphenoid
 Separated by thin plates of
bone from optic nerve and
chiasma,ICA, pit’y gl
 Opens into
sphenoethmoidal recess
 NS: posterior ethmoidal
nerve

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Maxillary Sinus
 Largest
 Pyramidal shaped
 Parts:
Apex- into zygomatic bone
Base- part of nasal cavity
Roof- formed by floor of orbit
Floor- formed by alveolar part
of maxilla
Drains via maxillary ostium
into middle meatus
NS: Superior alveolar nerves

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 Sphenoethmoidal recess
- sphenoidal sinus
 Superior meatus
-posterior ethmoidal sinus
 Middle meatus
-anterior/middle
ethmoidal sinus
-frontal sinus
-maxillary sinus
 Inferior meatus
-nasolacrimal duct

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