ANATOMY OF THE NOSE & PNS

Anatomy
Parts
A. Bony part
1. Two nasal bone
2. Frontal process of maxilla
B. Cartilaginous part
1. Upper lateral cartilage
2. Lower lateral cartilage
3. Dorsal border of septal cartilage
Blood supply
1. Maxillary artery
2. Opthalmic artery
3. Opthalmic vein

Figure Blood supply of lateral wall of nose.

Nerve supply
 Facial Nerve
Lymphatic drainage
1. Submandibular lymph node
2. Preauricular lymph node

MUSFIQUE
ANATOMY OF THE NOSE & PNS

Nasal cavity
Formation of lateral wall
1. Medial wall of maxilla
2. Ascending process of maxilla
3. Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
4. Medical pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
 The bony lateral wall is convulated by three turbinates:
i) Superior turbinate
ii) Middle turbinate
iii) Inferior turbinate
 The bony component of the turbinate is called concha.
 Each turbinate overhangs a space called meatus (superior, middle & inferior).
 Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct open into these meatus.

Importance of the meatus

 Superior meatus
 Posterior ethmoid cells drain
 Middle meatus
 Anterior and middle ethmoid air sinuses drains
 Maxillary sinus drain
 Inferior meatus
 Nasolacrimal duct opens
 Sheno-ethmoid recess
 Sphenoid sinus drains

MUSFIQUE
 ANATOMY OF THE NOSE & PNS

Paranasal sinuses
They are filled with cavities, arranged in pairs and divided into:
A. Anterior group
1. Maxilary sinus
2. Anterior ethmoid air cells
3. Frontal sinus
B. Posterior group
1. Posterior group of ethmoidal cells
2. Sphenoid sinus

Epithelial lining
 Vestibule : Stratified squamous epithlium
 Nasal cavity : Ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cell with serous glands
 Roof : Olfactory neuroepithelium

Blood supply
Nasal septum and lateral wall:
1. Anterior ethmoid
2. Posterior ethmoid
3. Shenopalatine
4. Greater palatine
5. Superior labial branch of facial artery

Venous drainage
1. Sphenopalatine veins
2. Fascial veins
3. Ophthalmic veins

MUSFIQUE
ANATOMY OF THE NOSE & PNS

Lymphatic drainage
A. Anterior part of the nose
1. Submandibular lymph nodes
2. Upper deep cervical lymph nodes
B. Posterior part of the nose
 Middle deep cervical node

Nerve supply
 Motor supply : facial nerve
 Sensory supply : maxillary division of trigeminal nerve through
pterygopalatine ganglia
 Secretomotor : viridian nerve
 Smell : olfactory nerve

Development
 Nose & paranasal sinuses all develop from the cranial portion of the primitive
foregut, frontonasal process of the first branchial arch.

Functions of Nose
The nose has several functions:
1. Provides an airway for respiration
2. Air conditions the inspired air
3. Kills inspired bacteria & viruses (IgA)
4. Collects moisture from the expired air to prevent excessive loss
5. Gives resonance of voice
6. Organ of smell
7. Lubricate the pharynx by mucous transport

Functions of paranasal sinus

The PNS has several functions:
1. May give resonance of voice
2. Humidification of inspired air
3. Sound protection from own speech to the ears
4. Protections of eyes from trauma
5. May reduce the weight of the skull
6. Thermal insulation of skull base & orbit

MUSFIQUE