Cartilages (Hyaline)

1. Septal + Lateral + Alar cartilages > allow for movement of nares (nostrils)

Boundaries
Roof Cribriform plate

Anterior portion:
1. Frontal bone
2. Nasal bone
3. Septal and alar cartilages

Posterior portion:
1. Sphenoid bone
2. Sphenoid process of palatine
3. Vomer bone

Floor Hard palate (horizontal plate of palatine + palatine processes of maxillary

bone)

Medial 1. Septal cartilage

(SVEMP) 2. Vomer
Six vultures eat 3. Ethmoid
my palatine 4. Maxillary
5. Palatine

Lateral 1. Sphenoid
(SIMPLE) 2. Inferior concha
3. Maxillary
4. Palatine
5. Lacrimal
6. Ethmoid (Superior + Middle concha)

Nasal concha Function: to create bigger surface area to warm air

Paranasal sinuses Function: Lighten head, produce mucus, increase speech resonance,
crumple zone to project vital structures in trauma
1. Frontal sinuses
2. Sphenoid sinuses
3. Ethmoid sinuses
4. Maxillary sinuses

Nasal meatuses All of them flow into Common Nasal Meatus

1. Sphenoethmoidal recess
2. Superior meatus
3. Middle meatus
4. Inferior meatus
Drainage (Stupid People Must Always Follow My proNouns)
Sphenoid sinus Sphenoethmoidal recess

Posterior ethmoid sinus Superior nasal meatus

Middle ethmoid sinus Opening in ethmoidal bulla

Anterior ethmoid sinus Middle nasal meatus (Ethmoidal infundibulum > SH)

Frontal sinus Middle nasal meatus (Ethmoidal infundibulum > SH)

Maxillary sinus Middle nasal meatus (Semilunar hiatus (SH))

Nasolacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct > Inferior nasal meatus

Location
Sphenoid sinus Posterior to ethmoid sinus

Ethmoid sinus Between nasal cavity and orbit

Frontal sinus Between ethmoid and orbit

Maxillary sinus Inferior to orbit

Vasculature of nose - Arterial Supply

Lateral wall 1) ECA > Maxillary > Sphenopalatine > Lateral branch
(SAP) 2) ICA > Ophthalmic > Anterior ethmoidal > Lateral branch
3) ICA > Ophthalmic > Posterior ethmoidal > Lateral branch

Medial wall 1) ECA > Maxillary > Sphenopalatine > Medial branch
(SAP + 2) 2) ICA > Ophthalmic > Anterior ethmoidal > Medial branch
3) ICA > Ophthalmic > Posterior ethmoidal > Medial branch
+
4) ECA > Facial > Superior Labial > Septal branch
5) ECA > Maxillary > Greater Palatine

External nose 1) ECA > Facial > Superior Labial > Septal branch
(SAIL) 2) ICA > Ophthalmic > Anterior Ethmoidal > External Nasal branch
3) ECA > Maxillary > Infraorbital > Nasal branch
4) ECA > Facial > Lateral nasal

SAP + 2 anastomose at anterior part (Kiesselbach’s Area) where nosebleeds occur (epistaxis)

Venous drainage of internal nose

1. Facial arteries: Facial vein > IJV
2. Ophthalmic arteries: Ophthalmic vein > cavernous sinus > superior + inferior petrosal
sinus > sigmoid sinus > IJV
3. Maxillary arteries: Sphenopalatine vein > pterygoid plexus > maxillary vein > retro …

Venous drainage of external nose

1. Dorsal and lateral nasal veins > angular vein > facial vein > IJV

Pterygoid plexus: Important point of anastomoses > infection spread into cranial cavity

Innervation
1. Special sensation (Olfactory): CN1
2. General sensation: CNV1 + CNV2
Sphenoid sinus Posterior ethmoidal (V1)
Orbital branches from pterygopalatine ganglion (V2)

Ethmoid sinus Anterior + Posterior ethmoidal (V1)

Orbital branches from pterygopalatine ganglion (V2)

Frontal sinus Supraorbital (V1) + Supratrochlear (V1)

Maxillary sinus Infraorbital + Superior alveolar (V2)

3. Parasympathetic to serous glands: CN7 (greater petrosal nerve)
4. Sympathetic to serous glands: T1 of spinal cord