BLOOD SUPPLY

ARCH OF AORTA BRANCHES

COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

 EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
 INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
 EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY

 (Arises just below the level of greater cornua of the hyoid bone)
 Branches
1.Superior laryngeal artery
2 Branch to sternocleidomastoid muscle
3 Branch to cricothyroidmuscle

LINGUAL ARTERY
 (Arises opposite the tip of greater cornua of hyoid bone)
 Its couse is divided into 3 parts by the hyoglossus muscle
 1st part:lies in the carotid triangle,It forms a characteristic
upward loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve
 2nd part:lies deep to the hyoglossus along the upper border of
hyoid bone.It is superficial to the middle constrictor of pharynx
 3rd part:called the Arteria profunda linguae or Deep lingual
artery
It runs upward along the anterior border of hyoglossus and then
horizontally forwards on the undersurface of the tongue as the
4th part.The horizontal part is accompanied by the lingual
nerve.
FACIAL ARTERY(External maxillary artery)
 (It arises just above the tip of greater cornua of hyoid bone)
 Tortuous course-allows free movement
 Anaesthetist’s artery
 Cervical part:Branches:
1.Ascending palatine artery-Tonsil and root of the tongue.
2.Tonsillar
3.Submental(largest cervical branch)-submental triangle and
sublingual salivary gland
4.Glandular branches-submandibular salivary gland and
lymphnodes
 Anterior branches on face:
1.Inferior labial-lower lip
2.Superior labial-upper lip and anterioinferior part of nasal
septum
3.Lateral nasal:ala and dorsum of the nose
 Posterior branches are small and unnamed
 At the medial angle of the eye terminal branches of the facial
artery anastomose with branches of the ophthalmic
artery.Therefore is the site for anastomoses between the
branches of external and internal carotid artery.
OCCIPITAL ARTERY
 (Arises from posterior aspect of external carotid artery opposite
the origin of facial artery)
 In carotid triangle gives 2 Sternocleidomastoid branches.
 Branches:1.Mastoid
2.Meningeal(enters Jugular and Mastoid foramen)
3.Muscular.

POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY

 (Arises from the posterior aspect of ECA just above the
posterior belly of digastrics)
 Supplies:Back of the auricle
Skin over the mastoid process
Back of the scalp
 Its stylomastoid branch enters stylomastoid foramen and
supplies the middle ear,mastoid antrum and air cells,the
semicircular canals and the facial nerve.

ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY

 (Small branch arises from medial side of ECA)
 It sends meningeal branches into cranial cavity through
foramen lacerum,jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal.
  MAXILLARY ARTERY

 (Large terminal branch of ECA given off behind the neck of

mandible)
 1st part:
1.Deep auricular:supplies external acoustic meatus,tympanic
membrane and the TMJ
2.Anterior tympanic:middle ear including medial surface of
tympanic membrane.
3.Middle meningeal artery:
– Large frontal branch:courses towards the
pterion.common source of extradural
haemorrhage(haematoma presses on the motor area
giving rise to hemiplegia of opposite side.)
– Small parietal branch:causing contralateral deafness.
4.Accessory meningeal:supplies structures in the infratemporal
fossa.
5.Inferior alveolar artery:before entering mandibular foramen
gives 2 branches.

– Lingual branch to tongue

– Mylohyoid branch
 Within the mandibular canal,the artery gives branches to roots
of each lower teeth.
 Also mental branch supplies chin.
 2nd part
1.Masseteric:master
2.Deep temporal:Temporalis
3.Pterygoid:Lateral and Medial pterygoid
4.Buccal:Skin of cheek

 3rd part
1.Posterior superior alveolar:supply upper molars,premolars
and maxillary air sinus.

2.Infraorbital artery:Branches

– Orbital branches
– Middle superior alveolar branch-for premolar teeth
– Anterior superior alveolar branch-incisor and canine teeth
– After emerging on the face branches to-lacrimal sac
Nose
Upper lip
3.Geater palatine artery:supplies palate and gums

Gives lesser palatine artery that emerge on the palate through

lesser palatine foramina supply soft palate and tonsil.

4.Pharyngeal branch:supplies part of nasopharynx,auditory tube

and sphenoid air sinus.

5.Artery of the pterygoid canal:supplies pharynx,auditory tube and

the tympanic cavity.

6.Sphenopalatine artery(artery of EPISTAXIS):

– Posteriolateral nasal branches to lateral wall of nose and

paranasal sinuses
 – Posteriomedial branches to nasal septum.
Superficial temporal artery:branches
– Transverse facial
– Anterior auricular
– Middle temporal
– Frontal
– Parietal

Internal carotid artery

 (Begins at the level of upper border of thyroid cartilage
opposite the disc between the C3 and C4 vertebrae)
 Principal artery of Brain and eye.
 Course is divided into 4 parts
– Cervical part:No branches
– Petrous part:1.Caroticotympanic
2.Pterygoid branch
– Cavernous part:
1.Cavernous branches to Trigeminal ganglion
2.Superior and inferior hypophyseal branches to
Hypophysis cerebri.
– Cerebral part:
1.Ophthalmic
2.Anterior cerebral
3.Middle cerebral(largest branch)
4.Posterior communicating artery
5.Anterior choroidal aetery

Ophthalmic artery
 Branches
1.Central artery of retina

2.Branches arising from lacrimal artery

– Zygomaticofacial
– Zygomaticotemporal
– Lateral palpebral branches
– Recurrent meningeal branch
– Muscular branches
3.Branches arising from the main trunk

– Posterior (long and short)ciliary arteries

– Supraorbital and supratrochlear
– Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches
– Medial palpebral branches
– Dorsal nasal branch

SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY
Note:
Cause Source
Extradural hemorrhage(EDH)
Sub dural hemorrhage(SDH)
Sub arachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)
Tennis ball injury to eye
Epistaxis
Epistaxis in little’s area
During tonsillectomy
Level of section of facial nerve
Lesions within the facial canal
distal to the meatal segment
cause
Lesions in the facial canal
between the nerve to stapedius
and the chorda tympani
Lesions distal to Chordatympani
Lesions of the cerebellopontine
angle
Middle meningeal artery
Bridging/dipole veins
Rupture of congenital berry
aneurysm
Circulus iridis major
Submucous venous plexus
Sphenopalatine artery
Paratonsillar veins,tonsillar
and ascending palatine arteries
Impact
Both hyperacusis and
ageusia.paralysis of facial
muscles.
Ageusia but no
hyperacusis,paralysis of facial
muscles
Neither hyperacusis nor
ageusia.Facial motor paralysis
only
Ipsilateral hearing impairment &
corneal reflex depression.
Facial weakness.
Hypoasthesia in external auditory
canal may be affected resulting in
local(Hitselberg sign)