Human Bio-Cultural Social Evolution

Biological Evolution
It refers to the changes, modifications, and variations in
the genetics and inherited traits of biological populations
from one generation to another.

Scientistsstudy the changes in the physical body of

humans, the changes in the shape and size of their bones.
Cultural Evolution
Itrefers to the changes or development in cultures from a
simple to a more complex form of human culture.

Scientistsstudy the cultural evolution of humans by

analyzing the changes in the latter’s way of life.
Charles Darwin
The Theory of Evolution
Natural Selection
The reason of appearance of evolution.

The outcome processes that affect the frequencies of

traits in a particular environment.
◦ Traits that enhance survival and reproductive success increase
in frequency over time.
Three Principles of Natural Selection
Variations
◦ Every species is made up of a variety of individuals wherein
some are adopted to their environments compared to others.
◦ Because the environment changes, the more variation within a
species, the more likely it will survive.
◦ An inherited traits that increase an organism’s change of
survival is called “adaptation”.
Three Principles of Natural Selection
Heritability
◦ Organisms produce progeny with different sets of traits that can
inherited
Three Principles of Natural Selection
Differential Reproductive Success
◦ Organisms that have traits most suitable to their environment
will survive and transfer these variations to their offspring in
subsequent generations
Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener -1912
◦ All the continents were once joined together in a single
landmass and have since drifted apart
◦ Super continent was named PANGAEA
◦ Pangaea broke apart and slowly moved toward their present
day location
Continental Drift
Alfred Wegener -1912
◦ large “supercontinent” (Pangea) existed and then split into
pieces
◦ Wegener not able to provide MECHANISM for his theory
◦ Major mechanism later found in the OCEANS
Wegener Solutions
Geologic
◦ Evidence in the layers of rocks across continents
Wegener Solutions
Fossil
◦ Evidence in the places certain fossils are found
Wegener Solutions
Climate
◦ Evidence in the changing climates during the past
Hominids
The general term used to categorize the group of early
humans and other humanlike creatures that can walk
erect during the prehistoric period.
Researchon the characteristics of biological and cultural
human evolution: from Hominids to Homo Sapiens