PESTICIDE

S Teacher:
FERNANDO PUENTES
CRUZ
 PESTICIDES
Substance or mixture of substances in
any physical state whose purpose is to
control, combat and / or prevent pests
or diseases, and its general objective is
to protect people from organisms that
affect their environment, animals and /
or food.

DEC. 1843/1991
DEC. 2092/1986
(USE & HANDLING
(CAP. V – PESTICIDES)
PESTICIDES)

Legal
Framewor
k
 USE & HANDLING PESTICIDES
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR:
Improve quality and PUBLIC HEALTH:
quantity of food Vector control of diseases

EFECTS:
• environmental pollution
• Poisoning in people and other living things
 1. according to its toxicity

2.
PESTICIDE according to its chemical
CLASSIFICATIO nature
N

3. according to its use or

application
 ACCORDING TO ITS TOXICITY
CATEGORY DEFINITION DL50 PICTURE

0 – 50 mg/kg
I EXTREMELY Toxic or
Dangerous

5 – 50 mg/kg
II HIGHLY Toxic or
Dangerous

50 – 500
III MEDIUM Toxic or
Dangerous mg/kg

> 500 mg/kg

IV SLIGHTLY Toxic or
Dangerous
 ACCORDING TO ITS CHEMICAL NATURE
CHEMICAL NATURE CHARACTERISTIC PICTURE

INORGANIC
manufactured from Arsenic,
Plomb and Copper

ORGANIC It is extracted from various

parts of
vegetables (Pyrethrins)

ORGANOSYNTHETICS It is synthesized by a technical

person in the laboratory. (POF,
POC,
Carbamates, Pyrethroids).

LIVE These are insects, viruses,

MICROORGANISMS bacteria and fungi used in the
biological control of pests
 ACCORDING TO ITS USE OR APPLICATION
USE CHARACTERISTIC PICTURE

INSECTICIDAS Organoclorados
(Insecticides) Organofosforados
Carbamatos
Piretrinas y
Piretroides
FUNGICIDAS Sales de Cobre
(Fungicides) Derivados Ftalamida
Dinitrofenoles
Dithiocarbamatos
HERBICIDAS Bipiridilos
(Herbicides) GLIFOSATO

RODENTICIDAS Sulfato de Talio

(Rodenticides) Anhidrido Arsenioso
Estricnina
Cumarinas
 TYPES OF POISONING

AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK, INDUSTRIAL AND

ACUTE 1. OCCUPATIONAL
(manufacturing
(< 24 and use)

DOMESTIC WORK.
Hour 2. ACCIDENTAL
EXPOSURE:
(food poisoning)
s)
CHRONIC 1. INTENTIONAL
(suicide attempt,
(> Time suicidal act and
Low homicide)
Doses)
 SUSCEPTIBILITY

People whose economic

People who work or live
activity are routinely
in places where
handling
pesticides are
pesticides
stored,
handled and applied.
(farmers,
florists, ranchers,
fumigators).
 The severity of the poisoning depends on:

The amount of toxic absorbed

and exposure time

Route of entry to the organism

Degree of toxicity of the agent

Diluting agents or solvents

CHRONIC EFFECTS:
Enhancement Factors: • Mutagenic
Environmenta heat, food • Teratogenic
l nutritional • Carcinogenic
consumption,
status, Skin Conditions. • Infertility
 ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES – (POF / PIC)

These are
of phosphoric acid,
derivatives
fat soluble,
potent cholinesterase
inhibitors
EXAMPLES:
(irreversible
inhibition). These have
Folidol (metilparation)
little power to remain Abate (Temefos)
in the environment. Parathion 50
Nuvan (Diclorvos)
Baygon (Propoxur)
 CARBAMATES (PIC)

These are
carbamic esters,
non
bioaccumulative
pesticides, disappear
rapidly by hydrolysis and
photodegradation. EXAMPLES:
These produce • Carbaril
reversible cholinesterase • Aldicarb
inhibition. • Carbofuran
• Propoxur
 MANIFESTATIONS OF
INTOXICATION -
POISONING

NICOTINIC NEUROLOGICA
MUSCARINIC
SYNDROME: L
IT IS CAUSED BY IT SYNDROME:
OCCURS AS A
SYNDROME:
NERVE RESULT OF CENTRAL
IT IS CAUSED BY BLOCKAGE
IMPULSE NERVOUS
OVER (SYNAPSE). SYSTEM BLOCKAGE.
STIMULATION
OF THE ORGANS.
S
Myosis
Y Blurry vision
Conjunctival hyperemia
M Difficulty accommodation

P Hyperemia
Rhinorrhea
T
Broncorrhea
O Cyanosis
Dyspnoea
M
Chest pain
A Cough
S
Diarrhea
Y Vomit
Sialorrhea
M Sphincter incontinence
Intestinal colic
P Tenesmus

T Bradycardia
Heart block
O Arterial hypotension

M Involuntary urination

A Diaphoresis
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

1. Make occupational medical exam

2. Determine cholinesterase levels
3. Train workers about risks and dangers
4. Provide personal protection items
5. Periodically change respirator filters
6. Separate work clothes with street clothes
7. Wash clothes in the workplace
8. The dining room must be away from the workplace
9.Work clothes or uniform must be changed daily
10.Wash your hands and mouth before eating food
11.Shower after the work day is over
GENERAL TREATMENT MEASURES

1. Remove the worker from the exposure

2. Remove contaminated clothing
3. Breath maintenance and administer oxygen
4. Fully shower the affected person
5. If ingested cause vomiting
6. Do gastric lavage if not contraindicated
7. If the cause is POF administer Atropina and Oximas
8. If the cause is by CARBAMATOS, only administer
Atropina, Do not use OXIMAS.
 ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
Its components have a lot
of chlorine.
It was used a lot to
prevent malaria.
Its use is prohibited
in
Colombia Examples:
It has high environmental • DDT
persistence and • Aldrín
not biodegradable • Lindano
Bioaccumulation in living • Endrín
organisms • Toxofen
o
PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS
 NIVEL DE EXPOSICION
GLOBAL DERMICO (NEGD)

Overall Dermal Exposure Level

(ODEL)
 RISK
It is a method used ASSESSMENT
to assess the risk of skin contact
from the exposed body surface and the frequency of the
contact to determine the exposure, and of the
information collected on the tag and in the safety data
sheet to estimate the product hazard.
 Degree
Severity (Toxic
Effect)

Affected Body
Part (PCA)

Exposure Time
Degree Severity (Toxic Effect)
 Affected Body Part (PCA)

EXPOSED SURFACES SCORE PICTURE

1 HAND 1

2 HANDS OR 1 HAND + FOREARM

2
2 HANDS + FOREARM OR FULL
ARM
3

UPPER LIMBS AND TRUNK AND /

OR PELVIS AND / OR LEGS
10
 EXPOSURE
TIME
EXPOSURE FREQUENCY SCORE PICTURE
OCCASIONAL < 30 MIN/DAY 1

INTERMITTENT 30 MIN – 2
HOURS/DAY
2

FREQUENT 2 – 6 HOURS/DAY 5

PERMANENT > 6 HOURS/DAY 10

 FINAL
RISK SCORE ACTION
SCORE
RISK CATEGORIZATION
PRIORITY

> 1000 1 High Risk: Requires

immediate corrective
measures
100 - 1000 2 Medium Risk: Requires
mediated corrective
measures and more
detailed evaluation

< 100 3 Low Risk: No modifications

required