Emotional and Social

development in early
& Middle childhood
 Self conscious emotions( guilt, shame , pride, envy, embarrassment) play an
important role in achievement related and moral behavior.
 The experience of these emotions is based on instructions, feedback i.e. when to
feel pride, guilt or shame.
 Once children learn guideline (internalize) presence of others will no longer be
necessary
 Morality Development

 Watch the following videos:

 Video 1 : Introduction : Our sense of Reasoning of Right &

Wrong
 Video 2: Social Learning Theory of Morality
Formation Of Morality

 Morality begin to form as in early childhood

 At age 2 child begin to discriminate between “Bad or Good”
 important theories discuss about foundation of morality
 Social Learning Theory
 Cognitive development perspective
Social Learning Theory

Modeling/ Imitation
Child begin to imitate the moral behavior of their adults
Character of Model effect the willingness to imitate
 Warmth and Responsiveness
 Competence and Power
 Consistency between assertion and behavior
 Reinforcement and Punishment

 Reinforcement
Child begins to repeat a moral act from which he/she get the reward previously to
get the reward again.
 Punishment
It promote only momentary compliance but not the permanent change in behavior.
 Social Learning Theory

Do you think that watching someone behave aggressively towards the doll would have
encouraged children to also behave aggressively towards the Bobo doll?
 Yes or No
Watch the Bobo Doll Experiment
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqNaLerMNOE
Bobo Doll Experiment Explained watch video # 3
Can you guess what could be some of the problems with social learning theory?
a) Children can be more moral than their parents
b) Some children don’t have parents to model from
c) One theory cannot explain everything about moral development
Problems with Social Learning Theory

Problems with Social Learning Theory : Watch video # 4

Alternative to Punishment

 Timeout
It involve removing the children from immediate environment
 Withdrawal of privileges
Its like withdrawal of watching T.V program which may
reduce harsh behavior
Cognitive Development Perspective

 Children are active thinker

 Children actively make sense of their experience

For cognitive theories of cognitive development Watch video # 5

Piaget’s Stages of Moral Development watch video # 6

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development watch Video # 7 ( The story about

Joe)
Should Joe refuse to give his father the money?
Yes or No

Continuation of Joe’s story watch video # 8

Kohlberg’s first four stages of moral development watch video # 9

Last 2 stages of Kohlberg’s theory watch video # 9

Other Side of Morality; Development of
Aggression

 Instrumental aggression
In which if children want an object, he/she may push, kick, punch or attack.
 Hostile Aggression
It is meant to hurt another person
Physical Aggression
Verbal Aggression
Relational Aggression