BRIDGE RECTIFIER

Circuit Diagram of Bridge rectifier

 Contd..
• The need for a Centre tapped transformer is
eliminated in the bridge rectifier circuit.
• It contains four diodes D1,D2,D3,D4 connected to
form bridge .
• The ac supply to be rectified is applied to the
diagonally opposite ends of the bridge through
the transformer.
• The other two ends of the bridge, the load
resistance RL is connected.
Working of Bridge Rectifier
Contd..
Input and output waveforms
Contd..
 Output frequency
  of FWR
When input ac signal
completes one cycle ,rectified
wave completes two cycles.

 
𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕 =𝟐 𝒇 𝒊𝒏
 Characteristics of Bridge FWR
• Average/Mean/DC
  output current
• Average/Mean/DC output Voltage
• Effective(or) RMS Value of Load Current
• RMS Value of Load Voltage
• FWR Efficiency
• Ripple Factor
• Peak Inverse Voltage(PIV)
• Transformer Utilization Factor(T.U.F)
• Voltage Regulation(% VR)
• Form Factor
• Peak Factor
 Key point
• The performance of the circuit is almost
similar to the full wave rectifier circuit since
the output waveform is same for both the
circuits.
• The derivation of characteristics is similar to
the center tapped full wave rectifier.

Expect Im, TUF, PIV and Voltage Regulation

 1.Average/Mean/DC output current
 
• DC (or) Average Current is the same form in the
 

two halves of the input AC cycle, hence is

calculated as half cycle of input.
• Consider one cycle of load current IL from 0 to π
to obtain the average value which is the dc value
of load current.

 
𝟐 𝑰𝒎
𝑰 𝒅𝒄 =
𝝅
 Note
•  Where

(or)
 2.Average/Mean/DC output Voltage
 
• It is the product of the average DC load
current and load resistance (RL)
• It is expressed mathematically as

 
𝟐𝑽𝒎
𝑽 𝒅𝒄 =
𝝅
 3. Effective(or) RMS Value of Load Current
 
• RMS means Squaring, finding means and then
square root it is expressed as
 
4.RMS Value of  Load Voltage
 
 5.Efficiency
 
• It
  is the ratio of dc output power to the ac
input power. It signifies, how efficiently the
rectifier circuit converts ac power into dc
power.
• It is expressed mathematically as
 6.Ripple  Factor
• The output of a full wave rectifier is still not a
pure dc, hence the pulsating (or) unwanted ac
components called ripples.
• Smaller the ripple factor closer to dc output.
• It is defined as ratio of R.M.S. value of ac.
component to the dc component in the
output is known as “Ripple Factor”.
 Contd..
•  It is expressed mathematically as
 Contd..
•  

= 0.482(for FWR)
 7.Peak Inverse Voltage(PIV)

• It
  is defined as the maximum reverse voltage
that a diode can withstand without
destroying the junction.
• For Bridge full wave rectifier
 8. Transformer Utilization Factor(T.U.F)

•  
 9.Voltage Regulation(% VR)

For an ideal power supply, % Regulation is zero.

 Contd..
•  
 Form Factor and Peak Factor
•  

=1.11
 Advantages
• The need for centre tapped transformer is
eliminated so the size and cost are reduced.
• The DC output signal of the bridge rectifier is
smoother than the output DC signal of a half-
wave rectifier.
• PIV is one half of the centre tapped circuit.
 DISADVANTAGES
 

• It requires four diodes.

• When more diodes are used more power loss
occurs. In a centre-tapped full-wave rectifier, only
one diode conducts during each half cycle. But in
a bridge rectifier, two diodes connected in series
conduct during each half cycle. Hence, the
voltage drop is higher in a bridge rectifier.
Comparison of Rectifiers