Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

The current entering any junction is

equal to the current leaving that
junction.
(1)……….i1+i4=i2+i3
This law is also called Kirchhoff's
point rule or Kirchhoff's junction
rule (or nodal rule). The more
general form the law is stated as
 The algebraic sum of current at a
junction is zero
(2)………….∑nk=1Ik=0 
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
The sum of all the voltages around the loop
is equal to zero.
(3)……….∑nk=1Vk=0 
This law is also called Kirchhoff's second law
or Kirchhoff's loop (or mesh) rule. Another
way to state this law is
 The sum of the emf's in a closed circuit is
equal to the sum of potential drops
(4)………v4=v1+v2+v3
Equations 3 and 4 are equivalent as voltage
is a signed (positive or negative) quantity
depending whether it is emf and potential
drop.
 
 Magnetism
and
Electro-magnetism
AC and DC circuit: OFF condition
AC and DC circuit: On DC condition
AC and DC circuit: On AC condition
AC Generator
AC generation in the rotating coil
Parameters of AC
Transformer
• To keep the TYPES of INDUCTION straight in
your mind, remember that MUTUAL induction
requires TWO coils, while SELF induction
needs but ONE.
Step up and step down Transformer: No. of
turns ratio
Transformer winding formats
Toroidal Trasformer
Inductor or Coil
Transformer