Contemporary

World
What is
Globalization
?
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Globalization- process by which the
world, previously isolated through
physical and technological distance,
becomes increasingly interconnected.

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➢ Globalization has brought fear of loss
of jobs and loss of income, which are
often described as the “race to the
bottom”.
➢ Globalization has also spawned fears
about loss of culture.

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Globalization is a very
important change, if not, the
“most important”. (Bauman,
2003)

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 The Task of Defining Globalization

The literature on the definition of globalization revealed

that definitions could be classified into two:

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Broad and Inclusive Narrow and Exclusive
➢ This type of definition ➢ This type of definition
can include a variety of are better justified but
issues that deal with can be limiting, in the
overcoming traditional sense that their
boundaries. However, it application adhere to
does not shed light on the only particular
implications of definitions.
globalization due to its
vagueness.
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 Importance of Defining Globalization

1. The perspective of the person who defines

globalization shapes its definition. The overview of
definitions implies that globalization is many things to
many different people. In effect, one’s definition and
perspective could determine concrete steps in addressing
the issues of globalization.

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2. Globalization is the debate and the
debate is globalization. One became part
and parcel of the other.

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3. Globalization is a reality. It is
changing as human society develops and
we should expect it to continue to
happen in the future.

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 Metaphors of Globalization

Solid and Liquid

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• Solidity – refers to the
barriers that prevent or
make difficult the
movement of things.
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• Liquidity – refers to the
increasingly ease of movement
of people, things, information,
and places in the contemporary
world.
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Liquidity and solidity are in constant
interaction. However, liquidity is the
one increasing and proliferating today.
So, the metaphor that could best
describe the globalization is liquidity.

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GLOBALIZATION
THEORIES

1. Homogeneity
2. Heterogeneity

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Homogeneity – refers to the increasing
sameness in the world as cultural imports,
economic factors, and political orientations
of societies expand to create common
practices, same economies and similar
forms of government.

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Heterogeneity – pertains to the creation of
various cultural practices, new economies, and
political groups because of the interaction of
elements from different societies in the world.

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 Dynamic of Local and Global Culture
3 perspectives on Global cultural flows:

1. Cultural Differentialism- emphasizes the fact that

cultures are essentially different and are only superficially
affected by global flows. The interaction of cultures is
deemed to contain the potential for “catastrophic collision”.

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2. Cultural Hybridization approach - emphasizes the
integration of local and global cultures (Cuet Kovich &
Kellner, 1997). A key concept is “glocalization” or the
interpretation of the global and local resulting in unique
outcomes in different geographic areas (Giulianotti &
Robertson, 2007).

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3. Cultural Convergence approach - stresses homogeneity
introduced by globalization. Cultures are deemed to be
radically altered by strong flows, while cultural imperialism
happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to
destroy at least parts of another culture.

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 Origins and History of Globalization

1. Hardwired

2. Cycles

3. Epoch

4. Events

5. Broader, more recent changes

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 Global Demography

• Demographic Transition – a singular historical

period during which mortality and fertility rates
decline from high to low levels in a particular
country or region.

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 Global Migration
The nuances of the movements of people around the world can be seen
through the categories of migrants:

• Vagabonds – they are on the move “because they have to be”

(Ritzer, 2015). They are not faring well in their home countries
and are forced to move in the hope that their circumstances
will improve.

• Tourists – they are on the move because they want to be and

because they can afford it.
Refugees – are vagabonds forced to flee their home
countries due to safety concerns (Haddad, 2003).

Asylum seekers – refugees who seek to remain in the

country to which they flee.

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