Cardiac failure

RLE #1
Alabe | aquino | aquino | bernardo | binwag
 Definition of the case
Heart failure is a chronic,
progressive condition in which the
heart muscle is unable to pump
enough blood to meet the body’s
needs for blood and oxygen.

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 Definition of the case

Enlargin Developing more

g Pumping Faster
musle mass

● Blood vessels narrow to keep the BP up.

● The body diverts blood away from less important tissues and
organs
● SOURCE: American Heart Association

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 Risk factors

alcohol

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Signs and symptoms

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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

- Painless test that detects or records the

heart’s electrical activity
- Records the the strength and timing of
electrical signals as they pass through the
heart

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 CHEST X-RAY

▸ Takes pictures of the structures inside the

chest such as heart, lungs, blood vessels
▸ It can show whether heart is enlarged, fluid
in the lungs, or lung disease

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 BNP BLOOD TEST

▸ Checks level of a hormone in the blood

called BNP
▸ BNP increases during heart failure

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 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

▸ Uses sound waves to create a moving

picture of the heart
▸ Shows the size and shape of the heart and
how well the heart chambers and valves
work

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 DOPPLER ULTRASOUND

▸ Uses sound waves to measure the speed

and direction of blood flow

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 HOLTER MONITOR

▸ Records heart’s electrical activity for full

24 or 48 hour period while you go on a
normal daily routine

632 × 616

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 NUCLEAR HEART SCAN

▸ Shows how well blood is flowing through

the heart and how much blood is reaching
the heart muscle

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 CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION

▸ A catheter is put into a blood vessel in your

arm, groin or neck and threaded to the heart
▸ Allows the doctor to look inside the
coronary arteries
▸ This can check the pressure and blood flow
in the heart chambers and collect blood
samples

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 CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

▸ Usually done with cardiac catheterization

▸ A dye that can be seen on the x-ray is
injected into the bloodstream through the
tip of the catheter
▸ The dye allows the doctor to see the flow
of the blood to your heart muscle

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 CARDIAC MRI

▸ Uses radio waves, magnets and a computer

to create pictures of the heart as it’s beating
▸ The test produces both still and moving
pictures of the heart and major blood
vessels

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 TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT

1. High fowler’s position

2. Assessing lung sounds
3. Medications: Oxygen therapy, Morphine
Sulfate, Diuretics, Digoxin= IV access
4. Foley Catheter
5. Prepare intubation and ventilator support
6. Document the event, actions taken and
client’s response.
7. Cardiac monitoring devices.

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 Treatment/ mngt

8. Advise the client to notify the HCP if side effects

occur from the meds.
9. Avoid OTC meds
10. Avoid large amounts of caffeine, found in coffee,
tea, cocoa, chocolate, and some carbonated
beverages.
11. Low Na+, low-fat and low-cholesterol diet.
12. Rich in K+ rich foods coz diuretics
13. Fluid restriction. Suck on har candy to reduce
thirst.
14. Daily monitor of weight.
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 PREVENTION

1. Don’t Smoke or use tobacco

2. Exercise for about 30 mins on most days for a week.
3. Eat a heart-healthy diet
4. Maintain a healthy weight
5. Get enough quality sleep
6. Manage stress
7. Get regular health screenings

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 references

1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/in-depth/hear
t-disease-prevention/art-20046502

2. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/heart-failure

3. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/what-is-heart-failure
(American Heart Association)

4. NCLEX Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN

Examination

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Thank you and God bless!
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