Robotics and IOT Club

Why should you learn Robotics and IOT?

 You can make project related to Robotics Which will improve your
CV(Curriculum Vitae) and it will be beneficial for you in placements, internships
and if you want to pursue M.S. from universities in foreign countries.
 Whether you are from CSE,ECE or Mechatronics, Robotics is related to your
field as it contains many concepts of respective fields.(You will know this as we
will proceed in this course)
 You can go in Research field as Robotics is very good topic for research.
 (Mainly for Mechatronics student)
In future, if you want you can give exam of UPSC Indian Engineering Services in
Mechanical Engineering. Mechatronics and Robotics is one of twelve subjects in
syllabus of Indian Engineering Services Examination.
Design of Robots using Engineering Drawing
and importance of Design in Robotics
 We should use Engineering drawing as a tool
to design a robots as designing is major part
of robotics. How can we develop Robots
without designing it? For that We should use
software tool Solidworks.
Different Types of works in club

1.Robotics Related
2.IoT related
3.Design Related
4.Research Related
Use of Robotics and IOT in College Campus

●
We should develop Robotics and IOT Systems that can
find use in our College.
●
For example, We can develop street lights which will
switch on automatically in night as sensors will detect
darkness.We can develop fire Alarm system , Earthquake
Alarm System. Flood Alarm system will be very good and
useful project as our campus is prone to floods.
Start-ups
There are lot of technical problems which we are facing
today and these problems can be solved with the help of
robotics and Automation. Taking advantage of this fact we
can launch start-ups which can become high demand
product and it is also something different.
ROBOTICS
What is Robotics?
 Robotics is science which involves different concept of Engineering with the help of which
we design a machine that carries out series of actions automatically and these machines are
known as Robots.
Automation
 Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal
human assistance.
1.Automation is a general term for work performed by advanced Information Technology and
machines. Robotics is an advanced form of automation that is autonomous or Semi-autonomous.
2.Automation is a broad term used for special purpose machines or systems that are designed
especially to perform a specific task. Robots (in terms of Robotics) are just a piece of equipment
that can perform a variety of tasks efficiently with programming.
3.Automation often requires static and predictable conditions to work. Robotics implies an
entity that can deal with certain real-world conditions of its own.
4.Automation is the systematic use of largely automatic equipment in a system of manufacturing
or another production process. Robotics is the branch of advanced technology that deals with the
design, construction, operation, and application of robots which are individually designed in
accordance with the purpose.
 Basic components of Robots
 1.Sensors(Input)-Sensors are sophisticated devices that are frequently used to detect
and respond to electrical or optical signals. A sensor converts the physical parameter
  2.Controller-A controller is a device which takes one or more inputs and adjusts its
outputs so a connected device functions in a controlled manner.
 3.Accuator(Output)-An "actuator" can be defined as a device that converts energy
(in robotics, that energy tends to be electrical) into physical motion. The vast
majority of actuators produce either rotational or linear motion.
 4. Manipulator: Just like the human arm, the robot consists of what is called a
manipulator having several joints and links.
 5. End effector: The base of the manipulator is fixed to base support and at its other
free end, the End effector is attached. The End effector is expected to perform tasks
normally performed by the palm and finger arrangements of the human arm.
 6. The Locomotion Device: In the case of Human Beings the power for the movement of
the arm, the palm and fingers is provided by muscles. For the robot the power for the
movement (locomotion) is provided by the motors. The motors used for providing
locomotion in robots are of three types depending on the source of energy: Electric,
Hydraulic or Pneumatic.
 Note: Pneumatic systems used in industry are commonly powered by compressed air or
compressed inert gases. 
 7.Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human
intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include
learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning
(using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction.
 Machine learning (ML) is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical
models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit
instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead. It is seen as a subset of artificial
intelligence.
 There are many programming language used in artificial intelligence research such as
Python, Java, LISP and Prolog.
 Sensors
 There are two types of sensors: 
 1.Digital Sensors: A digital sensor is an electronic or electrochemical
sensor, where data is digitally converted and transmitted.
 2.Analog Sensors: Analogue Sensors produce a continuous output
signal or voltage which is generally proportional to the quantity being
measured. Physical quantities such as Temperature, Speed, Pressure,
Displacement, Strain etc. are all analogue quantities as they tend to be
continuous in nature.
Microprocessor and Microcontroller
 Microprocessor is an IC which has only the CPU inside them i.e. only the
processing powers such as Intel’s Pentium 1,2,3,4, core 2 duo, i3, i5 etc. These
microprocessors don’t have RAM, ROM, and other peripheral on the chip. A
system designer has to add them externally to make them functional. Application
of microprocessor includes Desktop PC’s, Laptops, notepads etc.
 Microcontrollers are designed to perform specific tasks. Specific means
applications where the relationship of input and output is defined. Depending on
the input, some processing needs to be done and output is delivered. For example,
keyboards, mouse, washing machine, digicam, pen drive, remote, microwave,
cars, bikes, telephone, mobiles, watches, etc. Since the applications are very
specific, they need small resources like RAM, ROM, I/O ports etc. and hence can
be embedded on a single chip. This in turn reduces the size and the cost. In
Robotics We need mainly Microcontrollers. Some Microcontrollers are
AIMEGA328,8051 and PIC.
 Arduino
 Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that
designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building
digital devices.
 Actuator -Digital pin
 Analog Sensor-Analog Pin
 Digital Sensors-Digital Pin
If you have Laptops then
Download Arduino IDE. If
you have Mobile then go to
play store and download
Arduino droid.
Basic Algorithm for code in Arduino

1.Define your pin number

2.Define the Pin state
3.Loop
 Seven Segments
There are two types of seven segement:
1.CA-Common Anode(+ve)
2.CC-Common Cathode(-ve)
 There are two types of LED 7-segment displays: common cathode (CC) and common anode (CA).
The difference between the two displays is the common cathode has all the cathodes of the 7-
segments connected directly together and the common anode has all the anodes of the 7-
segments connected together.
 Duty Cycle
. Intensity of 127 is on 50% duty cycle.
Intensity of 255 is on 100% duty cycle.
A duty cycle or power cycle is the fraction of one period in which a signal or
system is active. Duty cycle is commonly expressed as a percentage or a ratio. A
period is the time it takes for a signal to complete an on-and-off cycle.
Arduino is 8 bit Microcontroller.
We can set intensity of Arduino from 0-255.
Arduino Frequency is 500 Hz.
Motor Driver
 Projects
 

 Project-1: Blinking of LED-1

 Project-2: Blinking of LED-2
 Project-3: Blinking of LED-3
 Project-4: Blinking of Multiple LED
 Project-5: Blinking of LED using Switch
 Project-6: Dual LED and Switches
 Project-7: Seven Segments-1
 Project-8: Seven Segments-2
 Project-9: Seven Segments using Switch
 Project-10: Luminosity of LED
 Project-11: Regulation
 Project-12: Regulation of Luminosity
 Project-13: Sensors for Brightness-1
 Project-14: Sensors for Brightness-2
 Project-15: Controlling Multiple LED
 Project-16: Obstacle Avoider Robot car
 Project-17:Remoted Controlled Robot car
 Project-18: Voice controlled Robot car
INTERNET
OF THINGS
What is IOT?
 The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical
and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers
(UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human
or human-to-computer interaction.
What is the Raspberry Pi?
 The Raspberry Pi is a low cost, credit-card sized
computer that plugs into a computer monitor or TV, and
uses a standard keyboard and mouse. It is a capable little
device that enables people of all ages to explore
computing, and to learn how to program in languages like
Scratch and Python.