September 15th 2020

Chapter 2.

Population Consultation on Needs and Expectations

 September 15th 2020

Chapter 2.

Population Consultation on Needs and Expectations

Presented by:
Feryanda Utami : 2020552075
Gerse Lucide Lukianame Munduku : 2020552071
Mansoor Ahmad Farzan : 2020552065
Innocent Ndagijimana : 2020552072
Innocent Yandemye : 2020552077
What the meaning of “Capturing
Population Needs and Opinions”
on Health Issues?

OVERVIEW:

2
 DEFINITION

♥ Based on a OECD definition: ♥ Population consultations

“A two-way flow of undertaken to improve
information, may occur at national health planning
any stage of [the health processes and increase
planning process], from
responsiveness of the
problem identification to
health system to
evaluation of existing
regulation. It may be a one- population needs and
stage process or … a expectations.
continuing dialogue.
4
 OBJECTIVES
♥ to capture a population’s
demands, opinions and
expectations on health-
related matters
♥ improve national health
strategizing and planning
♥ increase the health
system’s responsiveness
5
♥ provides a key information
source for policy makers
♥ increases the population’s
ownership
♥ strengthens accountability
and transparency (OECD
2015)
♥ reinforces monitoring and
evaluation mechanisms
(Jadoo et al. 2014).
THE SPECTRUM OF POPULATION CONSULTATION

o At any stage of the national planning process;

o At any level of the state (national, province/ region,

district);
o On varying themes and scopes;

o With all parts of the population or just certain groups

6
Why do we want to capture
population expectations?

5
 An Essential Component for Influencing Policy

1. Media: generally welcome population consultations, as they indicate

transparency and accountability on the part of government

2. Professional (medical and union) association:

Represent the health workforce in charge of providing services and
implementing national strategies and reform

3. Civil society organizations: represent non profit-making and/or faith-

based partners engaged in health service delivery, health promotion, or
advocacy programmes and other interventions
8
 Increasing Population’s Ownership

The population is both the recipient of services

provided by the health system and the group
affected by health policy decisions and health
reforms. Engaging in a consultation can help
strengthen the voice of the population or of
certain population groups

■ Increasing accountability and transparency

■ Support monitoring and evaluation.
■ Support for resource allocation decisions to
MoH.
9
 When to Conduct a Population Consultation?

■ Although there is no set timing for a population consultation in regard to

national health planning, it is useful for it to take place during the
preparation phase of a new plan (even before the situation analysis) or at
the beginning of the planning period, since it might heavily influence
priority-setting decisions

10
> Who Should Be Involved – Roles
and Responsibilities?

> Methodological Approaches?

11
 Who Should be Involved?
 Multiplicity of Stakeholders
o Government departments, such as the MoH

o Independent Research Institution

o Foundations

o Political parties

o Media, etc
12
 Roles and Responsibilities

1) Multiplicity of stakeholders
2) The Ministry of Health
3) Independent Facilitators
4) Media

13
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES

 Face-to-face dialogue with large

population sample(s)
 Consultative methods with invited
participants from different population
groups
 Survey types and survey tools with
invited/selected population groups
 Referendum
14
Factor for Success: Translating the
Theoritical Approaches into
Practical Realities
5
A successful consultation population can allow health policy-makers to:
 Reach hard-to-reach: for those who
might be difficult to access when
providing services and those who
are unable or might not feel
comfortable engaging in the
consultation.
 Ensuring relevance of the findings:
individual view and experiences
might differ from community
views.
16
 Ensuring communication and
feedback: Provides feedback to
the communities both the value
that is given to their opinion,
expectations and views, and the
importance of consultation to
policy-makers.
 Population’s input to policy
decisions is essential to built
continuity in interaction and
relationships between the state and
population.
There are issues that policy-makers will need to pay special to:

 The methods and measures should be able

to capture the views of all groups of the
population including the so-called “hard-
to-reach”

 Findings should be relevant as opinions

and expectations of the populations.
 

17
How to measure a successful and effective consultation?

 A successful and effective

consultation provide a feedback,
create a sense of follow-up action
and introduction between public
institutions and the populations.
 The population are involved in
the policy-making so that they
participate in the plan’s
implementation.
18
What If…..?

19
What if the country is decentralized?

■ To undertake population consultations, need to look at their constitutional

backgrounds and legal frameworks.

■ From consultation perspective, decentralization can have some benefits:

1. to be closer to the reality and living conditions of the population

2. increase the responsiveness of a government/ MoH to local needs and

expectations.

20
 What if fragmentation or fragility is an issue in the country?

■ “Fragility” refers to poor; vulnerable

■ the MoH might have the
country
It is POSSIBLE to conduct a ability to conduct the
population consultation in a country consultation but might need to
with:
be supported by other
■ technically-weak government, as
long the MoH willing to lead health actors.
care developments.
■ Conducted by neutral party
■ Absent, uninterested or resource-
less government, leaving both policy who supporting the MoH.
formulation and health care
provision to other actors. 21
 What if your country is heavily dependent on aid?

■ TWO MAIN
■ Donor’s support shouldn’t distort the
CONSTRAINTS:
process or outcomes of the
1) prioritization and agenda- consultation.
setting processes might be
■ Donor’s can be used for funding,
influenced by donor
both technical and logistical support
priorities, which not reflect
for the consultation.
the situation in the country
■ Result of policy decisions and
2) verticalization in the health
actions should be supported by the
sector due to programme-
communities to increase success.
specific approaches by
external donors.
22
 Recommended Action:

1.
“
Design a satisfactory methodological approach to assess a population’s needs and
opinions
2. Make sure to adequately translate and adapt the chosen methodological approaches
to in-country reality
3. Ensure sustainability of the consultation results through feedback and responsible
follow-up action
4. Incorporate the priorities through the consultation into planning process and create
demand-oriented strategy/ plan/ policy
5. Incorporate priorities through consultation into planning process and create
demand-oriented strategy/ plan/ policy
23
 CONCLUSION:
♥ WHAT: Crucial source of
♥ WHEN: During preparation phase
information for policy and decision-
makers and essential component for of new plan or at the beginning of
non-government actors to influence a planning period
policy which reflects perceived needs ♥ WHO: Multiplicity of
from population. stakeholders
♥ WHY: Increase population’s ♥ HOW: Face-to-face dialogue with
ownership of policies and plans; large population sample;
Increase chance of successful Consultative methods with invited
implementation; Government shows participants from different
as transparent and accountable population groups; Surveys with
(supporting the consultation process invited or selected population
and following up the results)
24 groups; Individual surveys.
25