DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

BY ALI RAZA MUSHTAQ
INSTRUCTOR NCBA & E SARGODHA, PAKISTAN
ALISAIVI786@GMAIL.COM
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

• ROOT ARE REAL AND DISTINCT

• ROOT ARE REAL AND REPEATED

•  
• ROOT ARE COMPLEX AND IMAGINARY
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:
DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS Y INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS X.
•   ANY
LET => = D
+3+ =0
+3+ =0
++ =0
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0
SOLUTION:
+ 3+ = 0
LET SIMPLE THIS EQUATION D VARIABLE TO M
++ = 0
++ = 0 NOTE: THIS EQUATION IS A HOMOGENOUS EQUATIONS.
•  
++ =0
NOW WE SOLVE THIS EQUATION WITH USING FACTORIZATION OR USING QUADRATIC FORMULA…
++ =0
=0
=0
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:
=0
=0

•   BOTH NUMBERS ARE DIFFERENT BUT REAL NUMBERS

SO WE USE FIRST GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION) NOTE: WE USED TWO CONSTANT

ANSWER
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 2Y’ + Y = 0

SOLUTION:
DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS Y INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS X.
•   ANY
LET => = D
+2+ =0
+2+ =0
++ =0
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 2Y’ + Y = 0
SOLUTION:
+ 2+ 1 = 0
LET SIMPLE THIS EQUATION D VARIABLE TO M
+2+ = 0
+2+ = 0 NOTE: THIS EQUATION IS A HOMOGENOUS EQUATIONS.
•  
+2+ = 0
NOW WE SOLVE THIS EQUATION WITH USING FACTORIZATION OR USING QUADRATIC FORMULA…
++ =0
(= 0
=0
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:
=0
=0

•   BOTH NUMBERS ARE REPEATED BUT REAL NUMBERS

SO WE USE SECOND GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION) NOTE: WE USED TWO CONSTANT

ANSWER
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ - 4Y = 0

SOLUTION:
DEPENDENT VARIABLE IS Y INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS X.
•   ANY
LET => = D
+3- =0
+3- =0
+ =0
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 2Y’ + Y = 0
SOLUTION:
+3-4=0
LET SIMPLE THIS EQUATION D VARIABLE TO M
+3-4=0
+ 3- = 0 NOTE: THIS EQUATION IS A HOMOGENOUS EQUATIONS.
•   + 3- = 0
NOW WE SOLVE THIS EQUATION WITH USING FACTORIZATION OR USING QUADRATIC FORMULA…
- - =0
=0
=0
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:
=0
=0

•   BOTH NUMBERS ARE DISTINCT BUT REAL NUMBERS

SO WE USE SECOND GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION) NOTE: WE USED TWO CONSTANT

ANSWER
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:
SECOND ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

•   HOMOGENEOUS
NON-HOMOGENEOUS
NOW P. Q, R ARE CONSTANT FUNCTIONS
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0
SOLUTION:

NOTE:

•  
NOW PUT Y PRIME VALUES IN EQUATION:

DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:
DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

•  
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:
=>
=> ,
, => ,
•  
SO WE USE FIRST GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION) NOTE: WE USED TWO CONSTANT

ANSWER
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS
QUADRATIC RULES:
WE APPLY FIRST FORM HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION GENERAL
SOLUTION
WHEN ROOTS ARE REAL AND DISTINCT

WE APPLY SECOND FORM HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION GENERAL

SOLUTION
•  
WHEN ROOTS ARE REAL AND REPEATED

WE APPLY SECOND FORM HIGHER ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION GENERAL

SOLUTION
WHEN ROOTS ARE IMAGINARY AND COMPLEX
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 8Y’ + 25Y = 0
SOLUTION:

NOTE:

•  
NOW PUT Y PRIME VALUES IN EQUATION:

DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 8Y’ + 25Y = 0

SOLUTION:
DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

•  
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 3Y’ + 2Y = 0

SOLUTION:

•   ,
,

SO WE USE THIRD GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :

(FORMULA EQUATION)
ANSWER
EXERCISE QUESTION HOME ASSIGNMENT

•  
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 4Y = 0 , Y(0) = 4 AND Y’(0) = 6
SOLUTION:

NOTE:

•  
NOW PUT Y PRIME VALUES IN EQUATION:

DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 4Y = 0 , Y(0) = 4 AND Y’(0) = 6

SOLUTION:
DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

NOW IN QUESTION:
•  
Y’’ + 0Y’+ 4Y = 0 THAN,
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 4Y = 0 , Y(0) = 4 AND Y’(0) = 6

SOLUTION:

•   ,
,

SO WE USE THIRD GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :

(FORMULA EQUATION)
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 4Y = 0 , Y(0) = 4 AND Y’(0) = 6

SOLUTION:
SO WE USE THIRD GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION)

•LET
  Y(0) = 4 X=0,Y=4
4
4
4
4
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 4Y = 0 , Y(0) = 4 AND Y’(0) = 6
SOLUTION:
SO WE USE THIRD GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION)

LET Y’(0) = 6 X=0,Y=6

•  
NOW WE FIRST TAKE FIRST ODER DERIVATIVE OF Y EQUATION THAN PUT VALUE OF Y PRIME
IN EQU..
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM
EXAMPLE: Y’’ + 4Y = 0 , Y(0) = 4 AND Y’(0) = 6
SOLUTION:
LET Y’(0) = 6 X = 0 , Y = 6

NOW PUT VALUE OF Y PRIME Y’(0) = 6 IN EQUATION.

6
6
•  
6
6
6
6

ANSWER
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ - 2Y’+ Y = 0 , Y(0) = 3 AND Y(1) = 7

SOLUTION:

NOTE:

•  
NOW PUT Y PRIME VALUES IN EQUATION:

DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ - 2Y’+ Y = 0 , Y(0) = 3 AND Y(1) = 7

SOLUTION:
DIVIDED BY BY BOTH SIDE OF EQUATION

NOW IN QUESTION:
•  
Y’’ + 0Y’+ 4Y = 0 THAN,
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ - 2Y’+ Y = 0 , Y(0) = 3 AND Y(1) = 7

SOLUTION:

1
•  
SO WE USE SECOND GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION)
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ - 2Y’+ Y = 0 , Y(0) = 3 AND Y(1) = 7

SOLUTION:
SO WE USE SECOND GENERAL SOLUTION EQUATION :
(FORMULA EQUATION)

•  
LET Y(0) = 3 X=0,Y=3

3
3
3
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM
EXAMPLE: Y’’ - 2Y’+ Y = 0 , Y(0) = 3 AND Y(1) = 7
SOLUTION:

LET Y(1) = 7 X = 1 , Y = 7

7
7
•  7
LET PUT 3
7
7
7
7-
4
HIGHER ORDER GENERAL SOLUTIONS WITH INITIAL VALUES
PROBLEM

EXAMPLE: Y’’ - 2Y’+ Y = 0 , Y(0) = 3 AND Y(1) = 7

SOLUTION:

LET PUT C1 & C2 VALUE

•  
ANSWER
EXERCISE QUESTION HOME ASSIGNMENT

• WHERE
• WHERE
•  
• WHERE
• WHERE
THANKS