Square Root Of Complex Numbers

TO FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF THE COMPLEX NUMBER a + ib

WHERE a AND b (≠0) ARE REAL

Let √a + ib = x + iy where x and y are real.

Then, a + ib = (x + iy)2 = x2 + i2y2 + 2x. iy = x2 - y2 + i. 2xy

Equating real and imaginary parts we get,

x2 - y2 = a (1)

2xy = b (2)

Now (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + 4x2y2 = a2 + b2

Hence x2 + y2 = +√a2 + b2 (Since x, y both are real) (3)

Now adding equations (1) and (3) we get,

Now equation (3) - equation (1) gives,

From equation (2) it is clear that both x and y will have the same signs (either both positive or
both negative) when b is positive; and x and y will have different signs (one positive and the other
negative) when b is negative.

Hence if b > 0 then the square roots of (a + ib) are:

And if b < 0 then the square roots of (a + ib) are:

Example 1:
Find the square root of

Solution:

Now let √1 + i = x + iy (where x and y are real)

Hence, 1 + i = (x + iy)2 = x2 - y2 + i. 2xy
Hence equating real and imaginary parts we get,
x2 - y2 = 1 (1)
2xy = 1 (2)

Now (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + 4x2y2 = 12 + 12 = 2

Or x2 + y2 = √2 (3)

Adding equations (1) and (3) we get,

Now equation (3) - equation (1) gives,

From (2) it is clear that xy > 0, hence x and y are both positive or both negative.
Hence the required square roots are:

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Other topics under Complex Numbers:

 Algebra of Complex Numbers

 Cube Roots of Unity
 Definition and Conjugate Complex numbers
 Modulus and Argument of Product, Quotient Complex Numbers
 Modulus Amplitude Complex Number
 Properties of Complex Numbers