INSTRUMENTS…(cont.

CONTROL VALVES
 CONTROL VALVES:

The final control element changes the manipulated

variable as required by the controller.
The most common type of final element is a control
valve.
A control valve is a device that introduces pressure
drop into a process plant system.
By increasing or decreasing the pressure drop (by
opening or closing the control valve) we can regulate
the flow through the plant.
 CONTROL VALVES

 A Valve that regulates the flow or pressure in

a line automatically (an automatic throttling
valve).
 Normally signaled from another instrument.
 CONTROL VALVES:

U P S E T (L O A D D IS T U R B A N C E )
U P S E T (L O A D D IS T U R B A N C E )

M A N IP U L A T E D M EASU R ED ( P, T, F, L )
M A N IP U L A T E D M EASU R ED
V A R IA B L E V A R IA B L E S ( P, T, F, L )
V A R IA B L E V A R IA B L E S
PR O C ESS
PRO CESS

F IN A L C O N T R O L
F IN A L C O N T R O L SENSO R
ELEM ENT SEN SO R
ELEM ENT
S E T V A R IA B L E S
S E T V A R IA B L E S
S IG A L B A S E D
O NS IDG EA VL I AB TA I SO EN D
O N D E V IA T IO N S IG N A L S
S IG N A L S
C O N TR O LLER T R A N S M IT T E R
C O N TR O LLER T R A N S M IT T E R

P PR RO OC CE ES SS S C CO ON NT TR RO OL L L LO OO OP P
 CONTROL VALVES:

MANIPULATED VARIABLE OR OUTPUT VARIABLE - a

variable that can be changed to cause the controlled variable to
change (includes valve position, damper position, motor speed, etc.)
FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT - a device adjusted by the controller
to change the manipulated variable.
SENSOR - it measures the process variable and passes a value to
transmitter.
TRANSMITTER - it changes the measured value which is sent to the
controller.
 Control Valve representation on
P&ID’s

Control valve number

Connected to one or more instruments
“FO” below the valve means fail open
Valve sizes are shown
Block valves upstream and downstream of
control valve for servicing
Bypass valve is usually a globe valve for
throttling
Primary Control Valve Types:

1. Globe
2. Butterfly
3. Vee Ball
4. Camflex
CONTROL VALVE BODY
CONTROL
VALVE
ACTUATOR
1. Diaphragm Case
2. Diaphragm
3. Diaphragm Plate
4. Actuator Spring
5. Actuator Stem
6. Spring Seal
7. Spring Adjustor
8. Stem Connector
9. Yoke
10. Travel Indicator
11. Travel Indicator Scale
CONTROL VALVE WITH
CYLINDER ACTUATOR
BUTTERFLY
VALVE
CONTROL VALVE
WITH VERTICLAL
ACTUATOR
 TYPICAL CONTROL STATIONS
•CHECK HEIGHTS & WIDTHS OF
CONTROL VALVE OPERATORS
FOR CLEARANCE.
•ON PULSATING PIPING
LOWER BYPASS AS MUCH AS
POSSIBLE. MAKE THE
INSTALLATION COMPACT TO
REDUCE VIBRATION.
•DIMENSION 2’-0” IS FROM
THE HIGH POINT OF FINISHED
SURFACE.
 RELATED PRACTICES AND
SPECIFICATIONS
PIPING MASTER SPECIFICATION 000.250.50001 -
“PROCESS UTILITY PIPING DESIGN, LAYOUT AND
DRAWING”
FD PRACTICE 000.250.2720 - “INSTRUMENT PIPING
BRANCH CONNECTION AND LAYOUT CLEARANCE”
FD PRACTICE 000.250.2730 - “THERMOWELL SELECTION
TABLE”
FD PRACTICE 000.250.2740 - “LEVEL INSTRUMENT
PIPING LAYOUT GUIDELINES”
FD PRACTICE 000.250.2750 - “RELIEF VALVE AND
CONFIGURATION”
FD PRACTICE 000.250.2701 - “CONTROL VALVE
MANIFOLD ARRANGEMENT AND LAYOUT GUIDE”
Control Valve Exercises:
Control Valve Exercises: