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 HVDC Control & Protection

Control & Monitoring

Operator Control Level HMI
≤ 2 sec. response time

LAN: 100 Mbit/ sec

Open Loop Control
Control and Closed Loop Control
C&P System C&P System Protection
Protection Level
Sampling Times
50 µs … 100 µs
Field Bus: FO,
Profibus DP
Valves, AC Yard,
Field Level I/O Unit I/O Unit I/O Unit I/O Unit DC Yard, app.
12.000 event signals
 HVDC Control & Protection
hints and warnings
concerning operation
sequences Status Information Area
Warning Line status of major
 = 15  = 18
components, status of
I= 6 A
I = 6A
operation and major
Monitoring Area selections and
 = 15  = 18
configurations
detailed dynamic
plant status
Operator Guidance Area
Operator
Control dynamic function key
Level allocation

HMI System –
General Screen
Display
Structure
Switching Devices Control Flow Diagram
O p e ra to r Load R e m o te S t a tio n
W o r k s ta tio n s M im ic B o a r d
D is p a tc h C e n te r O p e r a t o r W o r k s t a t io n s
O p e ra to r
C o n tro l
R CI

o r d e r p r o c e s s in g
D C S t a t io n C o n t r o l
S IM A T IC S 5 &
>=1

I/O U n it S U 2 0 0 #

In te r lo c k in g r e le a s e

P ro c e s s :
D C S w itc h in g
D e v ic e
HVDC Control & Protection
 Local Area Network (LAN)
• Communication and data exchange between all control and protection
components connected to the LAN
– Initiation and Monitoring System
– MMIC Board
– Remote Control Interface
– Master Clock System
– AC and DC Station Control
– Pole Control
– Printers
• Topology is a Star Configuration
• Redundant Configuration (LAN1 and LAN2)
– LAN1 is the preferred system; LAN2 is active only in case of faults on
LAN1
– communication automatically returns to the LAN1 after clearing the fault
 Pole Control Field Bus
Configuration
Pole 1 Control
IF Repeater
System 1
IF Repeater
System 2
SIMADYN D SIMADYN D SIMADYN D SIMADYN D ATR ATR
DC Protection DC Protection DC Filter DC Filter
IF Field Bus interface module System 2 System 1 Protection 2 Protection 1
Repeater
Bus Connector with terminating
resistors and diagnostic interface Repeater
SU200 SU200 SU200 SU200 ATR ATR
Bus Connector with
terminating resistors Transformer Transformer Transformer Spare Transformer *
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 / AC Feeder
Repeater
Bus Connector without
terminating resistors Repeater
SU200 SU200 SU200 SU200 ATR ATR
double-shielded electrical cable
DC Yard DC Yard Valve Valve
OLM 1 2 Base Hall
fibre optic Electronic

OLM
ATR Active terminating resistor
SU200
* only one (1) Pole
Valve
Cooling
HVDC Control & Protection

What are the basic

control principles
for HVDC Systems?
 HVDC Control
What are the basic principles of HVDC Controls?

Id

U1 U2

AC System A AC System B

Simplified HVDC System diagram

 HVDC Control
What are the basic principles of HVDC Controls?

Id

U1 U2

AC System A AC System B
 HVDC Control
What are the basic principles of HVDC Controls?
Id
Id in one direction only
U1 U2
Magnitude of Id or power is
controlled depending on
U1 U2
the difference in the
terminal voltages (U1, U2)

Pow e r Dire ction Direction of power is

controlled depending on the
polarity of the terminal
U1 U2
voltages (U1, U2)

Change of Power Direction

 HVDC Control & Protection
What are the basic principles of HVDC Controls?
Tap Changer Sending End Receiving End Tap Changer
Control Control

U1 U2

I
d

Converter Converter
ACF Control Control ACF
Rectifier Inverter
capacitors capacitors
Id-Control Ud-Control
ACF ACF

Reactive Reactive
Power Control Power Control
(AC Voltage (AC Voltage
Limitation Limitation
Control) Control)
AC System A AC System B
Converter Control Reactive Power Control Tap Changer Control

Id: DC Current ACF: AC Filter

Ud: DC Voltage
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Control of DC Voltage
Rectifier Operation Inverter Operation

A C S y s te m P o w e r F lo w D C S y s te m A C S y s te m P o w e r F lo w D C S y s te m

Id Id

V 1 V 3 V 5 V 1 V 3 V 5

P hase A P hase A

P hase B U P hase B U
d d

P hase C P hase C

V 4 V 6 V 2 V 4 V 6 V 2

+Ud
R e c tifie r
O p e r a tio n
160
0
a
5 30 60 90 120 150 180
In v e r te r
O p e r a tio n
-U d
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Relationship of DC Voltage Ud and Firing
Angle 
a R e c t. L im it
R e c tifie r
+Ud O p e r a tio n

160 a
0
5 30 60 90 120 150 180
In v e r te r
O p e r a tio n
-U d
a In v L im it
a =0o a =30o a =60o
Ud

Ud

w t

a =90o a =120o a =150o

Ud

wt

-U d
Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Fixed Firing Angles 

F ix e d a o F ix e d a o

T r ig g e r T r ig g e r
set set

Id
AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM
A U d R ect Ud In v
B

R e c t if ie r In v e rte r
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Characteristics, Fixed Firing Angles 
Ud=Udio*cos(k*UAC*cos(
Ud Station A (Rectifier) Ud=Udio*cos(dx*Id
(p.u.) Fixed
Station o (~15°)
A (Inverter) U=dx*Id Station B (Inverter)
Fixed o (~140°) Fixed o (~140°)

1.0

Operating
Point

1.0
Id (p.u.)

Station B (Rectifier)
Fixed o (~15°)

-1.0
Id

Ud

Station A, Rectifier Operation Station B, Inverter Operation

 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Characteristics, Fixed Firing Angles 

Rectifier
Rectifier Fixed
Fixed αo (~15°)
αo (~15°)
Inverter Fixed αo (~140°)

Ud
(p.u.) AC Bus Voltage
reduction at rectifier
1.0

Operating Point
Operating Point with reduced
rectifier AC Voltage

DC Voltage reduction DC Current Control

at Rectifier

DC Current reduction
(depending on AC Voltage)

Id (p.u.)
1.0
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Id control at Rectifer

I DC Ref
PI Controller
I DC Act + I DC Control o Fixed o
-
Trigger Trigger
set set

Id

AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM
A Ud Rect Ud Inv
B

Rectifier Inverter
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Id control at
Rectifer
Rectifier Fixed min (5°) Inverter Fixed  (~140°)

Ud
(p.u.)
AC Bus Voltage
reduction at inverter
1.0
Operating range with
increased AC Bus
Voltage at range
Operating rectifier
with
Operating
No ChangePointin
Operating
(e.g. Point
alpha 15°) reduced AC Bus
but increased Voltage at rectifier
No Change
alpha in
(e.g. 30°)
Rectifier Id Control Operating Point
new Operating Point with reduced
inverter AC Voltage and fixed
Inverter  (~140°)

No change in DC Current,
but change in DC Voltage

DC Voltage Control at Inverter

1.0 Id (p.u.)
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, DC Voltage Control

I DC Ref
U DC Ref
PI Controller PI Controller
I DC Act + I DC Control o o U DC Control - U DC Act
- +
Trigger Trigger
set set

Id

AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM
A Ud Rect Ud Inv
B

Rectifier Inverter
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, DC Voltage Control

Rectifier Fixed min (5°)

Rectifier Fixed min (5°) Inverter Ud Control

Ud Operating Range for
(p.u.) AC Bus Voltage
reduction at Range
Operating inverterfor
AC Bus Voltage
1.0 increase at inverter
AC Bus Voltage
reduction at rectifier
Operating Point
Inv Fixed αmax (~160°)
(e.g. Rect =15°, Inv =140°)
Constant Operating Point for a wide
range
newofOperating
inverter and rectifier
Point side AC
with reduced
Voltage variations
rectifier AC Voltage and constant DC
Rectifier Id Control Voltage control

No change in DC Voltage,
DC Current reduction but change in DC Current
(depending on AC Voltage)

DC Current Margin
Control at inverter

1.0 Id (p.u.)
Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Id Margin Control

I DC Ref
I marg
I DC Ref + -

I DC Control + I DC Act
I DC Ref
- U DC Ref
PI Controller PI Controller
I DC Act + I DC Control o o M U DC Control - U DC Act
- A
X +
Trigger Trigger
set set

Id

AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM
A Ud Rect Ud Inv
B

Rectifier Inverter
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Id Margin Control

Rectifier Fixed min (5°)

Rectifier Fixed min (5°) Inverter Ud Control

Ud
(p.u.)

1.0
AC Bus Voltage
reduction at rectifier
Inv Fixed αmax (~160°)
Operating Point
Operating Point (e.g. Rect =15°, Inv =140°)
without inverter Id
Margin Control

Rectifier DC Current Control

new Operating Point with
inverter Id Margin Control Inverter DC Current Control
DC Current margin

1.0 Id (p.u.)
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Extinction Angle () Control

Rectifier Fixed min (5°)

Ud Inverter Ud Control
(p.u.)
Inverter Gamma () min
Control (17°)
1.0

Operating Point
(e.g. Rect =15°, Inv =140°)

Rectifier DC Current Control

Inverter DC Current Control

1.0 Id (p.u.)
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Extinction Angle () Control

I DC Ref
I marg
I DC Ref + -

I DC Control + I DC Act
I DC Ref
- U DC Ref
PI Controller PI Controller
I DC Act + I DC Control o o M U DC Control - U DC Act
- A +
X Gamma Ref

Trigger Trigger Gamma Control + Gamma Act

set set
-

Id

AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM
A Ud Rect Ud Inv
B

Rectifier Inverter
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, DC Voltage Limit
Control
Rectifier Fixed min (5°)

Ud Inverter Ud Control
(p.u.)
Inverter Gamma () min
Control (17°)
1.0

Rectifier DC Voltage
Limit Control Operating Point
(e.g. Rect =15°, Inv =140°)
DC Voltage Margin

Rectifier DC Current Control

Inverter DC Current Control

1.0 Id (p.u.)
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, DC Voltage Limit
Control

I DC Ref
I marg
I DC Ref + -
I DC Ref I DC Control + I DC Act

I DC Act + I DC Control PI Controller PI Controller

U DC Ref

U DC Ref
- M o o M U DC Control - U DC Act
I A +
U DC Act + U DC Control N X Gamma Ref
- + Trigger Trigger Gamma Control + Gamma Act
set set
U marg
-

Id

AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM
A Ud Rect Ud Inv
B

Rectifier Inverter
Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions, Converter Control
Characteristic
Ud
(pu)

Rectifier Ud Cont.
Inverter Ud Cont.

1.0
d Contr.

DC Line Drop
0.9
Operation Point
0.8 CEC
Inverter Id Cont.
Minimum DC Current
0.7

0.6 Rectifier Id Cont.

Inverter VDCOL
0.5

0.4

0.3 Rectifier VDCOL

Abbreviations:

0.2 VDCOL Voltage Dependent Current Limit

CEC Current Error Characteristic
Ud DC Voltage
0.1 Id DC Current
 Extinction Angle

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 ld (pu)
 Principles of HVDC Controls
Converter Control Functions
P Ref

C u rre n t O rd e r
U D C Act
C a lu la t o r
I m a rg
I D C R ef
+
-
I D C Ref
I D C C o n tro l + - I DC Act
I DC Act + I D C C o n tro l
- U D C R ef
-
P I C o n tr o lle r P I C o n tr o lle r

D C R ef U M in
a o ao
M AX
U D C C o n tro l + U D C Act

D C Act U + U D C C o n tro l 17°

- + T r ig g e r T r ig g e r g C o n tro l + - g Act
U m a rg set set

Id
AC SYSTEM AC SYSTEM
A U d R ect U d In v
B

R e c tifie r In v e r te r
 Communication
Remote Remote
Dispatch Center Dispatch Center Dispatch Center
Access Access
HVDC Erlangen
#1 #2 #3
Erlangen

Communication
Systems Telefon/
(Micro
Telefon/
Internet Internet
Wave
Station A or Station B
Fibre
Optic
Links)

Remote PLC 1 Remote

Operator Control Level RCI RCI Operator Control Level
Access Access
PLC 2
Power Line
Carrier Link
Red. LAN Red. LAN

Measuring
Measuring

100 MBit/s 100 MBit/s

Control & Protection Control & Protection
Level Level

Red. Red.
TDM Bus Red. FO- Red. FO- TDM Bus
Field Bus Field Bus
(Profi Bus (Profi Bus
DB) DB)

Process/ Field Level Process/ Field Level

• LAN (100 Mbit/s) • Power Line Carrier and/or

• TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) Microwave and/ or FO Link
• Field Bus (Profi Bus DB) • Remote Access
• RCI (Remote Control Interface)
Document By
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
Email: help@matlabcodes.com
Engineeringpapers.blogspot.com
More Papers and Presentations available on above site