WELCOM

E
LANGUAGE &
LINGUISTICS
DR. R.
SOUNDARARAJAN
ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR, DEPT.
OF ENGLISH
NATIONAL COLLEGE 91+7010188868
TIRUCHIRAPALLI - 1
soundararajaneng@nct.ac.in
In this presentation, we will learn about

1. What is
“LANGUAGE”
2. What is

about
“LINGUISTICS”
3. Branches of Linguistics
As Usual….
What is “Communication”?
Process of transmitting one’s ideas
Encoding and Decoding process

How do you Communicate?

1) LANGUAGES

2) SIGNS & SYMBOLS (Pictorial representation)

Do other species Communicate?

If the answer is ‘YES’ …
State the difference between human and
others?
Yes, but they never produce noble messages. There is no system of changes
and only limited in its process.

Certainly, animals communicate and interact, yet

human’s communication system is more complex and not of animals.

Hence, the term language is confined to humans in strict sense.

Human Languages are “OPEN ENDED”, whereas, Animals' are “CLOSED “ …

Therefore, in this introductory session is about LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS

Language enables to express our thoughts, ideas and feelings to

others and also to understand us.
What is Language and its Nature?
In his article on “An Essay on Language, Richard A. Hall states, “Language is
the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each
other by means of habitually-used oral-auditory-arbitrary symbols” (1968)

People use language every day and every where with little cognitive effort.
Words and Sentences flow out of the mouth with subconscious almost
automatic way
Furthermore,
Language is used
oral-auditorily.
You
have
mask
wearto

SPEECH
Finally, LANGUAGE makes use of “ARBITRARY SYMBOLS

There is no arbitrary relationship between the linguistics

sign i.e. the word or the sound shape and the object in
the real world.

LINGUISTICS (a scientific study of Lang.)

FORM FUNCTION MEANING

SOUND STRUCTURE SEMANTIC

PHONETICS SYNTAX
BRANCHES OF
LINGUISTICS language structure
The work of linguists
falls into two main areas language use

Linguists interested in language structure consider the formal

properties of language, including word structure (morphology),
sentence structure (syntax), speech sounds and the rules and
patterns between them (phonetics and phonology), and meaning
in language (semantics and pragmatics).
Linguists also study the way that language is used, and this can cover a
very broad range of subjects, since language enters almost every area of
human activity.

Examples Psycholinguistics
: Historical linguistics and the history of languages
Applied linguistics
Sociolinguistics
Stylistics
Computational linguistics
Neuro linguistics
T HAN K S FO R WAT C H I N
G

MEET “U”
AGAIN…..
 WELCOM
branches

phonetic
system
follow

about
focus

PHONETICS &

E
s

PHONOLOGY
DESIGNED BY DR. R. SOUNDARARAJAN
branches

phonetic
system
follow

about
focus

MESSAGE FROM
s

DR. R.
SOUNDARARAJAN
ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR, DEPT. OF
ENGLISH
NATIONAL COLLEGE
TIRUCHIRAPALLI - 1
In this presentation, we will learn about various branches of
Phonetics, what is phonology and production of speech sounds
etc.
 1 2
branches

phonetic

system
follow

about
focus

As human beings We can analyze

speech sounds
s

we are capable of
making all kinds of from various
sounds, but only perspectives and
some of these two major areas of
sounds have studies are
become units in the PHONETICS and
LANGUAGE PHONOLOGY
system
branches

phonetic
system
follow

about
focus

s
production branch human
A scientific study One of the Deals with the
of production of branches of sounds produced
speech sounds LINGUISTICS by
human beings
 The central concerns in phonetics …

The discovery of how speech sounds are

produced
branches

phonetic
system
follow

about
focus
How sounds are used in spoken language

s
How we can record speech sounds in written
symbols

How we hear and recognize different sounds

 Main branches of PHONETICS . . .

branches

phonetic
history
follow

teams

about
s
Articulatory Acoustic Auditory
ARTICULATO Articulatory Phonetics is the study of the
RY production of speech sounds.
PHONETICS

branches

phonetic
history
follow

about
focus
ACOUSTIC Acoustic Phonetics is the study of the physical

s
PHONETICS properties of speech sounds.

AUDITORY Perceptual or Auditory Phonetics is concerned with the

PHONETICS perception of speech sounds.
PHONOLOGY
 The study of the
It aims to discover
sound patterns
the principles that
and sound systems
govern the way
of a particular The most basic
sounds are
language, say activity in
organized in
English, in order phonology is
languages, and to
to determine the phonemic analysis
explain the
phonological
variations that
structure of a
occur
language.
T HAN K S FO R WAT C H I N
G