Raspberry Pi

LED BLINKING
GPIO

A powerful feature of the Raspberry Pi is the row of

GPIO (general-purpose input/output) pins along the
top edge of the board. A 40-pin GPIO header is found
on all current Raspberry Pi boards (unpopulated on Pi
Zero and Pi Zero W). Prior to the Pi 1 Model B+
(2014), boards comprised a shorter 26-pin header.
 There are two kinds of Input and Output pin numbering

for the Raspberry pi. One is the BCM and the other is

BOARD. Basically these pin numberings are useful for

writing python script for the Raspberry Pi.

GPIO BOARD
This type of pin numbering refers to the number of the

pin in the plug, i.e, the numbers printed on the board,

for example, P1. The advantage of this type of

numbering is, it will not change even though the

version of board changes.

GPIO BCM
 The BCM option refers to the pin by “Broadcom SOC
Channel. They signify the Broadcom SOC channel
designation. The BCM channel changes as the version
number changes.
Note: It is very important to wire the GPIO pins with
limited resistors to avoid serious damage to the
Raspberry Pi. LEDs must have resistors to limit the
current passing through them. The motors should not
be connected to the GPIO pins directl
What is the difference between BOARD and BCM for GPIO pin numbering?

 The GPIO.BOARD option specifies that you are referring to the pins by the

number of the pin the the plug - i.e the numbers printed on the board (e.g. P1)
and in the middle of the diagrams below.
 The GPIO.BCM option means that you are referring to the pins by the
"Broadcom SOC channel" number, these are the numbers after "GPIO" in the
green rectangles around the outside of the below diagrams:
 Identification of the pin numberings via Linux command
There is a Linux command to find out which name is for
which GPIO pin. So in that case, we do not have to worry
about a tutorial to have by our side to check out the pin
numberings of the Raspberry Pi all the time.
Type the following command in the terminal,
pinout
 How to use the GPIO pin numbers in Python?
simple LED blink python program with Raspberry Pi.
The number 11 is the pin for LED and considered as
an output.

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

from time import sleep
GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup (11,GPIO.OUT)
while True:
GPIO.output(11,True)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(11,False)
time.sleep(2)
How to make an LED blink with Raspberry Pi?
Things you need
Breadboard
Light Emitting Diode
Resistor > 68 ohms
Raspberry Pi
wires
Circuit Diagram
Procedure
Insert an LED into a breadboard.
Connect the resistor which is more than 68 ohms
across the longer end of the LED.
Connect the GPIO pin 11 to the shorter end of the
LED.
Connect the GPIO pin 6 (ground) to the other end of
the resistor.
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
from time import sleep

The two lines above from the code explains, importing

the libraries you will need RPi.GPIO to control the

GPIO pins. Importing time to control how long the pin

will be ON or OFF.
GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup (11,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.BOARD indicates the numbering scheme you

are using. The line (11,GPIO.OUT) means you are

using GPIO pin 11 as output pin.

while True:
GPIO.output(11,True)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(11,False)
time.sleep(2)

while is used to continue as long as the program runs.

GPIO.output(11,True) sets the output to high and remain
that way for 2 seconds ( sleep(2)). The same is set to low
and remain that way for 2 seconds. If you need time-lapse
for 5 seconds, you can change that in time.sleep(5).
LED BLINK with switch
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
#GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(3,GPIO.IN,pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
while True:
 i=GPIO.input(3)
 if i==True:
 GPIO.output(4,True)
 else:
 GPIO.output(4,False)
 
Build a simple app that interacts with Raspberry Pi
GPIO. using three LEDs, which are attached to the
Raspberry Pi board. Furthermore, turn the LEDs
on/off sequentially.
The following hardware components are needed:
Raspberry Pi
Three LEDs of any color
Three resistors (330 Ω or 220 Ω)
LED 1 is connected to Pi GPIO18
LED 2 is connected to Pi GPIO23
LED 3 is connected to Pi GPIO24
We can write a program using WiringPi with Python. The
following is the complete Python code for blinking LEDs:
import wiringpi2 as wiringpi
import time
# initialize
wiringpi.wiringPiSetup()
# define GPIO mode
GPIO18 = 1
GPIO23 = 4
GPIO24 = 5
 try:
LOW = 0
while 1:
HIGH = 1 clear_all()
print("turn on LED 1")
OUTPUT = 1
wiringpi.digitalWrite(GPIO18,
wiringpi.pinMode(GPIO18, OUTPUT) HIGH)
time.sleep(2)
wiringpi.pinMode(GPIO23, OUTPUT)
clear_all()
wiringpi.pinMode(GPIO24, OUTPUT) print("turn on LED 2")
wiringpi.digitalWrite(GPIO23,
# make all LEDs off
HIGH)
def clear_all(): time.sleep(2)
clear_all()
wiringpi.digitalWrite(GPIO18, LOW)
print("turn on LED 3")
wiringpi.digitalWrite(GPIO23, LOW) wiringpi.digitalWrite(GPIO24,
HIGH)
wiringpi.digitalWrite(GPIO24, LOW)
time.sleep(2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
clear_all()
print("done")
three LED operation with single switch
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(4,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(27,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(3,GPIO.IN,pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_UP)
x=0
y=0
while True:
i=GPIO.input(3)
print("i=",i)
if i==True:
x=x+1
print("x=",x)
if x==1:
y=y+1
print("y=",y)
if y==4:
y=1
if y==1:
GPIO.output(4,True)
GPIO.output(17,False)
GPIO.output(27,False)
elif y==2:
GPIO.output(4,False)
GPIO.output(17,True)
GPIO.output(27,False)
elif y==3:
GPIO.output(4,False)
GPIO.output(17,False)
GPIO.output(27,True)
else:
x=0
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setup(19,GPIO.OUT)
while True:

GPIO.output(19,GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(1)
GPIO.output(19,GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(1)
https://create.withcode.uk/python/A3
DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor and the Raspberry Pi

DHT11 is a low-cost temperature and humidity sensor. It

isn’t the fastest sensor around but its cheap price makes it

useful for experimenting or projects where you don’t

require new readings multiple times a second. The device

only requires three connections to the Pi. +3.3v, ground

and one GPIO pin.

DHT11 Specifications

The device itself has four pins but one of these is not
used. You can buy the 4-pin device on its own or as
part of a 3-pin module.

The modules have three pins and are easy to connect directly to the Pi’s GPIO
header.
Humidity : 20-80% (5% accuracy)
Temperature : 0-50°C (±2°C accuracy)
The manufacturers do not recommended that you read data from this device more
than once per 2 seconds. If you do you may get incorrect readings.
 Hardware Setup
 The 4-pin device will require a resistor (4.7K-10K) to be placed
between Pin 1 (3.3V) and Pin 2 (Data).
 The 3-pin modules will usually have this resistor included which
makes the wiring a bit easier. For this reason I got hold of the module
which I could then attach to the Pi with a piece of 3-way cable.
 Different suppliers may wire the module pins differently so check the
PCB markings to identify Vcc (+), data and Ground (-).
 The 3 pins should be connected to the Pi as shown in the table below :

DHT Pin Signal Pi Pin

1 3.3V 1
2 Data/Out 11 (GPIO17)
3 not used –
4 Ground 6 or 9
Your data pin can be attached to any GPIO pin you prefer. In my example I am
using physical pin 11 which is GPIO 17. Here is a 4-pin sensor connected to the
Pi’s GPIO header. It has a 10K resistor between pin 1 (3.3V) and 2 (Data/Out).
Python Library
The DHT11 requires a specific protocol to be applied
to the data pin. In order to save time trying to
implement this yourself it’s far easier to use the
Adafruit DHT library.
The library deals with the data that needs to be
exchanged with the sensor but it is sensitive to timing
issues. The Pi’s operating system may get in the way
while performing other tasks so to compensate for this
the library requests a number of readings from the
device until it gets one that is valid.
Software Setup
To start with update your package lists and install a few
Python libraries :
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev
Then clone the Adafruit library from their repository :
git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Python_DHT.git
cd Adafruit_Python_DHT
Then install the library for Python 3 :
sudo python3 setup.py install
Adafruit Example Python Script
Adafruit provide an example script that you can use to check
your sensor is operating correctly.
cd ~
cd Adafruit_Python_DHT
cd exemples
Then :
python AdafruitDHT.py 11 17
The example script takes two parameters. The first is the sensor type so is set to
“11” to represent the DHT11. The second is the GPIO number so for example
using “17” for GPIO17. You can change this if you are using a different GPIO
pin for your data/out wire.
You should see an output similar to this :
Temp=22.0* Humidity=68.0%
Using the Library In Other Python Scripts
import Adafruit_DHT
 
# Set sensor type : Options are DHT11,DHT22 or AM2302
sensor=Adafruit_DHT.DHT11
 
# Set GPIO sensor is connected to
gpio=17
 
# Use read_retry method. This will retry up to 15 times to
# get a sensor reading (waiting 2 seconds between each retry).
humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(sensor, gpio)
 
# Reading the DHT11 is very sensitive to timings and occasionally
# the Pi might fail to get a valid reading. So check if readings are valid.
if humidity is not None and temperature is not None:
  print('Temp={0:0.1f}*C  Humidity={1:0.1f}%'.format(temperature, humidity))
else:
  print('Failed to get reading. Try again!')
write python script to blink 5 LED with sleep time
1 to 5 second in increasing order for each LED
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# setup pins
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(3, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(7, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.OUT)
#GPIO.setup(5, GPIO.IN)

# loop 5 times
for i in range(10):

# flash output pin 3

GPIO.output(3, GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(1)
GPIO.output(3, GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(1)

GPIO.output(7, GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(7, GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(11, GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(3)
GPIO.output(11, GPIO.LOW)
time.sleep(3)
 write python script to blink
LED if input number is even
then it blink LED 24 pin
and if odd it blink 13 LED
pin
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
RedLEDPin = 11
GreenLEDPin = 22

def setup():
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup(RedLEDPin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(RedLEDPin, GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.setup(GreenLEDPin, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.output(GreenLEDPin, GPIO.LOW)

def FindOddEven():
while True:
player = int(input("Player Choise..."))
remainder = player % 2
if(remainder == 0):
print("Even LED on")
GPIO.output(RedLEDPin, GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(3)
GPIO.output(RedLEDPin, GPIO.LOW)
else:
print("Odd LED on")
GPIO.output(GreenLEDPin, GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(2)
GPIO.output(GreenLEDPin, GPIO.LOW)

def destroy():
GPIO.output(RedLEDPin, GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.output(GreenLEDPin, GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.cleanup()

if (__name__ == '__main__'): #Main Program Starting From Here

setup()
try:
FindOddEven()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
destroy()
https://vrajesh25.blogspot.com/2018/12/odd-or-even-
program-led-output-using.html