Quantum Mechanical Model of

an Atom
Overview

 The Quantum-Mechanical Model and the Periodic Table

 Characteristics of Many-Electron Atom( detailed in

Lecture 5 )
Lets Brush up some concepts

 Format of the periodic table (Section 2.6)

 ­Characteristics of metals and nonmetals

 Attractions, repulsions,

 Characteristics of acids and bases

 Rules for assigning quantum numbers ????

We shall explore frequent patterns of electron
distributions in atoms to see how they account for
the periodic behavior of the elements..
Bohr Picture vs Quantum Mechanical Picture
 Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals

 An atomic orbital is specified by three quantum numbers:

1) The principal quantum number (n) is a positive integer.

 The value of n indicates the relative size of the orbital and therefore its relative distance from
the nucleus.

2) The angular momentum quantum number (l) is an integer

from 0 to (n –1).
 The value of l indicates the shape of the orbital.

3) The magnetic quantum number (ml) is an integer with values

from –l to +l.
 The value of ml indicates the spatial orientation of the orbital.
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals
Table 7.2 The Hierarchy of Quantum Numbers for Atomic Orbitals

Name, Symbol
(Property) Allowed Values Quantum Numbers

Principal, n Positive integer

1 2 3
(size) (1, 2, 3, ...)

Angular
momentum, l 0 to n – 1 0 0 1 0 1 2
(shape)

0 0 0
Magnetic, ml
-l,…,0,…,+l -1 0 +1 -1 0 +1
(orientation)

-2 -1 0 +1 +2
Sample Problem 7.6
What values of the angular momentum (l) and magnetic (ml) quantum
numbers are allowed for a principal quantum number (n) of 3? How many
orbitals are allowed for n = 3?
Sample Problem 7.7
Give the name, magnetic quantum numbers, and number of orbitals for
each sublevel with the following quantum numbers:
(a) n = 3, l = 2 (b) n = 2, l = 0 (c) n = 5, l = 1 (d) n = 4, l = 3
Sample Problem 7.8
What is wrong with each of the following quantum numbers designations
and/or sublevel names?

n l ml Name

(a) 1 1 0 1p
(b) 4 3 +1 4d
(c) 3 1 –2 3p
The s orbital
The three p orbitals
The five d orbitals
CLASS ACTIVITY
Problem 7.50
How many orbitals in an atom can have each of the following
designations:
(a) 5f
(b) 4p
(c) 5d
(d) n = 2?
Problem 7.52
Give all possible ml values for orbitals that have each of the following:
(a) l=3
(b) n=2
(c) n = 6, l = 1.