Chemistry- XI

Unit - 2 Structure of Atom

Part-3
Quantum numbers

Prepared by:
Mr. Rakesh Soni
Mr. Sandeep Kumar
PGT (Chemistry)
Chandigarh Region
 Outline

• Review on previous topic

• Quantum numbers
• Types of quantum numbers
• Difference between orbit and orbital
 Structure of Atom
Review on previous topic

• Dual behavior of matter

• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Significance of Heisenberg uncertainty principle
 Quantum numbers

These are a set of four numbers which gives

the complete information about the
electron in atom i.e. the energy, size,
shape and orientation of an orbital as well
as the spinning motion of an electron .
 Types of quantum numbers

• Principal quantum no.(n)

• Azimuthal quantum no.(l)
• Magnetic quantum no. (ml)
• Spin quantum no. (ms)
 Principal quantum number (n)

• The principal quantum number `n ‘ is a positive

integer with value n = 1,2,3.....
• The principal quantum number determines the size
and to large extent the energy of the orbital
• Principal quantum number also identifies the shell .
With in increase in the value of n the number of
allowed orbital increases and are given by n2. All the
orbitals of a given value of ‘n’ constitute a signal shell
of atom and are represented by the following letters;-
• n = 1 2 3 4 ..........
• Shells = K L M N........
 Azimuthal quantum number(l) or
Angular momentum quantum number

• Azimuthal quantum number ‘l’ is also

known as orbital angular momentum or
subsidiary quantum number. It defines the
three dimensional shape of the orbital .
For a given value of n ,l can have n values
ranging from o to n-1 that is for a given
value of n.
• The possible value of l are :l = 0 ,1 ,
2,.........(n-1).
Azimuthal quantum number(l) or
Angular momentum quantum
number
l Sublevel Orbital Shape

0 sharp – s Spherical

1 principal – p Dumb bell

2 diffused – d Double dumbbell

3 fundamental - f Too complex

 Magnetic orbital quantum
number(ml)
• Magnetic orbital quantum number ‘(ml)’
gives information about the spatial
orientation of the orbital with respect to
standard set of co-ordinate axis.
• For any sub- shell value of (ml) are
possible and these value are given by:
• (ml) = -l,-(l-1),-(l-2)...0......(l-2),(l-1),l
• (ml) = -l ……..0………+l
Electron spin quantum number (ms)
It refers to orientation of the spin of the
electron. It can have two values +1/2 and -1/2.
+1/2 identifies the clockwise spin and -1/2
identifies the anti- clockwise spin.
Principal Azimuthal Subshell Magnetic Electron spin Total
quantum quantum designation quantum quantum number
number or
number (n) number (l) number (ms) of
magnetic orbital
quantum orbital
number (ml) in shell

Number Sub shell s, p, d and f Number of Orientation

n2
of shell etc Orbitals
1 0 1s 0 1
0 2s 0
2 4
1 2p +1,0, -1
0 3s 0
3 1 3p +1,0, -1 Clockwise 9
2 3d +2,+1,0,-1,-2 or anti-clock
0 4s 0 wise
1 4p +1,0, -1
4 2 4d +2,+1,0,-1,-2 16
+3,+2,+1,0,
3 4f
-1 ,-2,-3
Difference between orbit and orbital
ORBIT ORBITAL

It is defined as the definite The three dimensional region or

circular path through which space around the nucleus
electron revolves around the where the probability of finding
nucleus. an electron is maximum is
called an orbital.

It is two dimensional path It is three dimension region

The position and velocity of The position and velocity of
moving electron in an orbit can moving electron in an orbit
be calculated simultaneously can’t be calculated
with accuracy simultaneously with accuracy

Maximum no. of electron that Maximum 2 electrons can be

can be present in an orbit = 2n2 present in an orbital
Video on Quantum number 11:16 min
 Recapitulation

• Quantum numbers

• Types of quantum numbers

• Difference between orbit and orbital

 Assignment

1 What are the values of n and l for 2p orbital?

2 Which of the following orbital's are not possible? 1p,

2s, 3f and 4d

3 Using s , p , d and f notation, describe the orbital

with the following quantum numbers-
(a) n=1,l=0 (b) n=3, l=1 (c) n=4, l=2 (d) n=4, l=3

4 Give four differences between orbit and orbital?

THANKS
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