Tutorial 2_CHEM102

Quantum Numbers

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 Learning outcomes

By the end of this session the student should be able to:

1. Identify the different quantum numbers of electrons
2. Decide which values of these numbers are valid for
different examples
3. Derive the electronic configuration of elements and
ions by applying Aufbau principle, Pauli Exclusion
principle and Hund’s rule
4. Determine electron configuration based on position in
the periodic table.

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 Quantum Numbers
• Series of numbers that describe atomic orbitals and label electrons
that reside in them.
Quantum Symbol Represents Value
number

1)Principal The “size” and

n integral values from [1 7]
Quantum “energy level” of an e.g.:
number orbital. n =1 (1st energy level )
n =2 (2nd energy level )
2)Angular
momentum
ℓ The “shape" of
atomic orbitals.
integral values from 0 to n-1
[ℓ = 0, 1, 2, …(n-1)]
quantum e.g.
number If n=1  ℓ = 0 ( s )
If n=2  ℓ = 0,1 ( s, p)
If n=3  ℓ = 0,1,2 ( s, p, d )
If n=4  ℓ = 0,1,2,3
( s, p, d, f )
 Quantum Numbers
Quantum number Symbol Represents Value

3)Magnetic quantum
number
mℓ The
orientation of
integral values between ℓ and - ℓ,
including zero.
the orbital in mℓ = [ℓ,….,+1, 0, -1,…., - ℓ]
space relative e.g.
to the other ℓ= s ( 0 ) mℓ =0 = (1 Orbital)
orbitals in the ℓ= p ( 1 )mℓ =-1 , 0 , 1=(3
atom. orbitals)
ℓ= d ( 2 )mℓ =-2 ,-1 ,0, 1,2=(5
orbitals)
ℓ= f ( 3 )mℓ =-3,-2 ,-1 ,0,
1,2,3=(7orbitals)
4) Spin quantum
number
ms The spin
behavior of an
ms = +1/2 or –1/2

electron.
Question 1
i. When n = 4, the possible values of ℓ are 0,1,2,3

ii. What name of orbital corresponds to ℓ = 2? d

iii. The quantum number n describes the Energy and Size

of an atomic orbital and the quantum number mℓ describes its
Orientation

iv. For a 4d subshell, the value of n is 4 , the value of ℓ is 2

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and number of possible values of mℓ is

v. For a 5f subshell, the value of n is 5 ,the value of ℓ is 3 ,

and number of possible value of mℓ is 7

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Question 2:

Write the full set of the quantum numbers for

the encircled electron:

n=4 ℓ= 2 mℓ= 0 ms= +1/2

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 Electron configuration in atoms
• Electrons enter the available sublevels in order of increasing
sublevel energy. Ordinarily, a sublevel is filled to capacity
before the next one starts to fill.
• 1s< 2s< 2p< 3s <3p< 4s< 3d <4p <5s <4d <5p <6s <4f <5d <6p<
7s< 5f< 6d< 7p

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2
13 14 15 16 17

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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Electron configuration in atoms
Question 3:

Write down the electronic configuration of the following elements, Draw the
orbital diagram of each elements and state whether it’s para or diamagnetic:

a) Li b) B

C) C d) N

e) O f) Ne
Rules:
Aufbau Principle
g) Cr h) Cu
Hund’s Rule
Pauli Exclusion
I) As Principle

Paramagnetic:
Atoms with at least 1
unpaired e
Diamagnetic:
atoms with no
unpaired e

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Question 3:

Write down the electronic configuration of the following elements, Draw the
orbital diagram of each elements and state whether it’s para or diamagnetic:

a) Li: 1s2 2s1

Paramagnetic

b) B: 1s2 2s2 2P1

Paramagnetic

c) C: 1s2 2s2 2P2

Paramagnetic

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d) N: 1s2 2s2 2P3 Paramagnetic

e) O: 1s2 2s2 2P4 Paramagnetic

f) Ne: 1s2 2s2 2P6

Diamagnetic

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g) Cr: [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Paramagnetic

h) Cu: [Ar] 4s1 3d10

Paramagnetic

i) As: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4P3

Paramagnetic

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Question 4:

Write the abbreviated electronic configuration of the following transition metal ions &
Deduce whether the resulting ions would repeal or attract to the magnet:

a) 28Ni2+

b) 23V 4+

c) 47Ag+

Ion electron configuration:

 When transition metals form cations,
the first electrons removed are the
valence electrons ( electrons in higher
energy level)
 Paramagnetic : attracted by magnet
 Diamagnetic: are slightly repelled
by a magnet
 Question 4:

Write the abbreviated electronic configuration of the following transition metal ions &
Deduce whether the resulting ions would repeal or attract to the magnet:

a) 28Ni2+ : [Ar18] 3d8

3d ( )( )( )( )( )

b) 23V 4+ : [Ar18] 3d1

3d( )

c) 47Ag+ : [Kr 36] 3d10

3d ( )( )( )( )( )

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Question 5:

1. When n = 3, which of the following is a possible value for ℓ?

(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 6

2. When ℓ = 2, which of the following is a possible value for mℓ?

(a) -3 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 4

3. When ℓ = 2, what is the maximum number of orbitals of this type

possible in a given electron shell (i.e. for a particular n value)?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
Number of
4. When ℓ = 2, what set of orbitals is designated? orbitals= (2 ℓ +1)

(a) p (b) d (c) f (d) g

6. Which of the following is associated with the value of the ℓ quantum number?
(a) orbital size (b) orbital orientation
(c) orbital shape (d) orbital uncertainty

7. Which of the following is NOT a valid set of quantum numbers?

(a) n = 4, ℓ = 0, and mℓ = -1
(b) n = 6, ℓ = 5, and mℓ = 0
(c) n = 2, ℓ = 1, and mℓ = +1
(d) n = 3, l = 2, and mℓ = -2

8. Which of the following is NOT a valid set of quantum numbers?

(a) n = 4, ℓ = 1, and mℓ = -1 (b) n = 6, ℓ = 5, and mℓ = 0
(c) n = 2, ℓ = 2, and mℓ = +1 (d) n = 3, ℓ = 2, and mℓ = -2

9. If an electron subshell has 7 orbitals, what is the ℓ value for this subshell?
(a) two (b) three (c) four (d) five
10. For a certain orbital, n = 4, ℓ = 1, and mℓ = -1. What type of orbital is this?
(a) 3p (b) 4s (c) 4p (d) 4d
11. The ground-state electron configuration of oxygen(Z=8)is
(A) 1s2 2s2 2p4 3s1
(B) 1s2 2s22p3
(C) 1s2 2s22p4
(D) 1s2 2s22p5
(E) 1s2 2s22p6

12. Identify the specific element that corresponds to the electron configuration
[Kr]365s24d105p4.
(A) I
(B) In
(C) Sb
(D) Sn
(E) Te

13. What is the total number of orbitals associated with the n = 5 level?
(A) 18 (B) 25 (C) 3 (D) 6 (E) 9
14. How many possible orientations in space can there be for orbitals that have
an angular momentum quantum number of 3(l=3)?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6 (E) 7

15. Give the subshell notation for the following set of quantum numbers: n = 4
and ℓ = 3.
(A) 3d (B) 3f (C) 4d (D) 4f (E) f4

16. If mℓ = +1 for a certain orbital, this orbital CANNOT be which of the

following?
(A) d orbital
(B) f orbital
(C) g orbital
(D) p orbital
(E) s orbital
 Challenging question

Determine the abbreviated electronic configuration of the Os ion:

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