HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER

1
Prepared by
Ms. Karyl Penaflor
 Composed of three (3) paragraphs.
 First paragraphs – it must provide the readers a mental warm – up; thus
giving them information and readiness as to what the thesis is all about.
 Second paragraph – carries the bulk of information.
 Third paragraph – a closing portion that is intriguing and challenging
the readers to become interested in knowing the results of the proposed
study.

INTRODUCTION
 Begin this section with a clear description on the following:
 (a) historical background of the study
 (b) situations that may have spurred the researcher to undertake the study
 (c) history of the problem (an overview of factors which have led to the problem,
comprise the problem, and historical significance relative to the problem).

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 These are highly related theories and principles that were established and
proven by authorities which are very useful to the present study.
 The basis of the research problem
 It explains the phenomena upon which the thesis investigation hopes to fill the
vacuum in the stream of knowledge.
 Review the guidelines for obtaining data from theory. (What data must be
obtained from a theory?)

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 It shows the research paradigm or structure of the entire study.
 It shows how he/she understands and looks at the problems by means of
presenting relationships of variables after a review of related literature and
studies.
 It is followed by a diagram (also called a paradigm) that allows the reader as
well as the researcher to have an idea of the whole research process at one
glance.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 It may be in the form of: (1) a question/s or a single question followed by several sub – questions; (2) a declarative
statement or a series of complete statements; (3) a statement followed by a series of questions.
 The focus of the study and all questions stated should be categorically answered.
 Review (Guides to the Problem from broad to specific)
 It is used as frame of reference to write paragraph
 It tells the reader the scope and coverage of the study. To solve the stated problem is the major task of the
researcher
 It must revolve around the purpose of the study which is to determine the relationships existing or not existing
between the independent and dependent variable
 It should be stated in a similar manner as the title but not necessarily in the same words
 Spells out expected sub problems that will further clarify it
 Sub problems spring out of the main problem
 The variables and factors are stated in the sub problems which could be in the form of questions or statements.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 A tentative conclusion or answer to a specific question raised at the beginning
of the investigation
 Usually stated in the null form
 The null hypothesis is tested statistically
 The computed statistical value provides the basis for determining whether the
hypothesis is to be accepted or rejected

HYPOTHESIS
 Defines where and when the study was conducted and who the subjects were
 Sets the delimitations and establishes the boundaries of the study
 Limitations – is a phase or aspect of the investigation which may affect the result adversely
but over which the researcher has no control
 Simply points out what is included or covered by the investigation and what is not
 In terms of “what” the researcher should explain clearly the specific topic covered by the
study and which are not covered by the study.
 In terms of “who/whom” the researcher should identify who are involved in the research and
who are not.
 In terms of “when” and “where” the writer is obliged to indicate definitely the locale and the
time covered by the research.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE

STUDY
 It refers to the significance of the study to the field involved, its timeliness and
its practical value in terms of applicability and eventual implementation of the
results
 The researcher should make certain that the results will indeed be useful

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 Terms are defined according to their use in the study
 The last part of Chapter 1
 Two (2) ways of defining a term: (1) conceptual / constitutive – definition is
given in dictionaries (2) operational / functional – according to how the word
was used by the researcher in the study
 After defining all terms, arrange the alphabetically using the first letter of the
first word as basis. This portion of the thesis will then look like a little
dictionary.

DEFINITION OF TERMS