UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL

DIFFERENCES
Key Concepts
8 Major Personality factors and traits
5. Conscientiousness—organization, self-restraint,
persistence, and motivation toward attaining goals.
6. Self-monitoring—process of observing and
controlling how we are perceived by others.
7. Risk taking and thrill seeking—propensity to take
risks and pursue thrills.
8. Optimism—tendency to experience positive
emotional states, and think that positive outcomes
will occur (opposite of pessimism).
PERSONALITY FACTORS, TRAITS, AND
JOB PERFORMANCE

2-5
 Combination of personality types is often more
linked to performance than one factor.
PERSONALITY TYPES AND
COGNITIVE STYLES
Personality Types and Cognitive Styles, continued

 Combinations of these four dichotomies results in

16 personality types, collectively called ESPF
(Extraverted/ Sensing/ Feeling/ Perceiving).
 It is not advisable to pigeon-hole people in one of
these categories.
 The 16 types can sometimes be used to help
people get along better within a workgroup.
DEALING WITH DIFFERENT
PERSONALITY TYPES
5. Relax and be yourself with an agreeable person.
6. Be patient and tolerant with a disagreeable
person.
7. Do not nag and allow space to a conscientious
person.
8. Keep close tabs on an unconscionable person.
9. Don’t believe everything that a self-monitor tells
you.
10. Emphasize risks with high risk takers.
11. Emphasize stability and security with low risk-
takers.
12. When dealing with an information gatherer
looking for sensation, emphasize facts and
figures.
13. When dealing with an intuition-type of
information gatherer, emphasize feelings,
judgment, and creativity.
COGNITIVE ABILITY
PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE
IMPLICATIONS OF PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE
IMPLICATONS OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
MEANING OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
MORE INSIGHT INTO
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
RELATING TO PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT
COGNITIVE SKILL
VALUES AS A SOURCE OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES
CLASSIFICATION OF VALUES
HOW VALUES ARE LEARNED
CLARIFYING VALUES