Geography of the UK

Работу выполнили:
Григорьев Антон
Черницын Роман
Строкин Андрей
Plan:
1. Introduction to the georgaphy of the UK
2. UK’s main rivers
3. UK’s lakes
4. UK’s national parks
5. UK’s mountains
6. UK’s landscape
Preview
•The British Isles, which include Great Britain, Ireland and a
lot of smaller islands, are situated off the north western
coast of Europe and once formed part of that continent.
•Politically the British Isles are divided into two countries —
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
and the Irish Republic or Eire. All in all there are over 5,000
islands in the system of the British Isles which lie on the
continental shelf. The two main islands are Great Britain
(in which are England, Wales and Scotland) to the east and
Ireland (in which are Northern Ireland and the
independent Irish Republic) to the west. Their capitals are
London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.
      
•The UK is one of the world's smaller countries, with an
area of some 244,100 square km. The UK is situated off the
west coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the
northwest and the North Sea on the east and is separated
from the European continent by the English Channel (or La
Manche) and the Strait of Dover.
Rivers
• The two longest rivers in the UK are the
River Severn in the south west of England
and the River Thames, which flows
through the capital. The River Thames is
the deepest river in the UK.
• Important ports in the UK grew up at the
mouth of navigable rivers
including Liverpool (The River
Mersey), Bristol (The River
Severn), Newcastle (The River Tyne)
and Glasgow (The River Clyde).
The Thames and the Severn
River Severn
Length: 354 km (220 miles)
Source: Plynlimon, Cambrian Mountains, Wales
Mouth: Bristol Channel, England
• It flows through the region of Powys in Wales, and the
counties of Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucester in
England.
• The Severn has the greatest water flow of any river in
England or Wales.
• Several large towns have developed from the original
settlements on the banks of the Severn. These include:
Newtown, Welshpool, Shrewsbury, Ironbridge, Stourport,
Worcester, Tewkesbury and Gloucester.
• The River Severn is bridged in lots of places. Two of the
bridges, the Severn Bridge and the Second Severn
Crossing, link Wales and England by road.
• Before the 16th Century, the Bristol Channel was known as
The Severn Sea, Severn is almost swallowed by it
 The Thames and the Severn

River Thames
Length: 346 km (215 miles)
Source: Thames Head, Gloucestershire (England)
Mouth: Thames Estuary (North Sea)
• It is the most well-known of Britain’s rivers because it flows through
central London. It also flows through (or really close by) some other
important towns and cities in England, such as: Richmond, Kingston upon
Thames, Windsor, Henley-on-Thames, Oxford and Reading.
• The Thames is tidal when it flows through London.
• More than 80 islands are contained in the River Thames. These include:
the Isle of Sheppey, Canvey Island and Rose Isle.
• About two thirds of London’s drinking water comes from the Thames.
• John Burns (a Battersea MP) famously described the Thames as ‘liquid
history’. He meant that River Thames was responsible for supporting
settlements upon its banks throughout British history, from Neolithic
times to today. The Thames has witnessed the birth of London and many
of the key events in Britain’s history.
• The Thames has been bridged more than 200 times and it has been
tunneled under more than 15 times. Many of today’s bridges have been
built on the site of much earlier crossing points.
Lakes
• Many of the UK's most picturesque
lakes are in Scotland in the Scottish
Highlands, in Snowdon National Park in
North Wales and the Lake District in
northern England. The UK's largest lake
is Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland.
• England's largest lake is Windermere
and England's deepest lake is Wastwater
at a depth of 79 m (259 feet), both lakes
are in the Lake District National Park.
• Lakes in Scotland are called lochs, in
Northern Ireland it is pronounced the
same way but spelled loughs, and in
Wales, a lake is called a Llyn.
Lough Neagh
 Lakes in N. Ireland and England Lakes in England

area in square
ranking lake miles
• There are about 387 lakes
larger than 5 hectares in 1 Windermere 5.69
England.Many of the
largest lakes in the UK are 2 Rutland Water 4.19
in fact reservoirs. 4 out of
5 of the largest of these 3 Kielder Water 3.86

lakes are in England. 4 Ullswater 3.44

• There are three loughs in Bassenthwaite
5 2.06
Northern Ireland including Lake

the largest lake in the UK,

Lough Neagh, which Lakes in N. Ireland
provides 40% of the water area in
ranking lake
supply of Northern Ireland. square miles

1 Lough 147.87
Neagh
Lower Lough
2 Erne 42.28

Upper Lough
3 Erne 13.30
Lakes in Scotland and Wales Lakes in Scotland
area in
• There are an estimated 31,460 freshwater lochs in Scotland. They are ranking lake square miles
most numerous within the Scottish Highlands in the north of Scotland. 1 Loch
27.45
• Loch Lomond is considered Scotland's most beautiful lake, closely Lomond

followed by Loch Ness, famous for its legendary monster "Nessie" and 2 Loch Ness 21.78
the ruins of Urquhart Castle, stretches 28 kilometers and is the 4th 3 Loch Awe 14.85
longest loch in Scotland. 4 Loch Maree 11.03
• The lakes of Wales occupy a surface area of only about 130 square 5 Loch Morar 10.30
kilometres, less than 1% of the land area of Wales. Lake Bala is the
largest lake in Wales in Snowdonia, North Wales, joins with the River
Dee, which runs north west through to Chester in England on the border
between the two countries. Lakes in Wales
area in
ranking lake square miles
1 Lake Bala 1.87

2 Llyn Syfaddon 0.59

3 Llyn Cowlyd 0.42

4 Llyn Padarn 0.38

5 Tal-y-llyn Lake 0.34

Loch Lomond
National parks
LAKE DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK
It would be criminal not to include the Lake District in a list of the
best national parks in Britain. It is home to England’s highest
mountain, Scafell Pike at 978m (3,209ft), and the infamous Helvellyn
at 950m (3,117ft) with its hairaising Striding Edge ridge.
The Lake District is the most visited national park in Britain with
15.8 million annual visitors and more than 23 million annual day
visits. It is also the realm of the 214 Wainwright fells, the hills and
mountains described in Alfred Wainwright’s classic seven-
volume Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells (1955-66).
Along with the mountains are of course the 16 main lakes from which
it takes its name, along with numerous smaller tarns making it ideal
for watersports including sailing, canoeing, fishing and swimming.
The Lake District National Park has some of the best cycling in the
country with a range of country lanes, permitted cycleways and
bridleways that suit all experience levels. Additionally, if you enjoy
mountain biking then the Whinlatter and Grizedale Forests are
crisscrossed with excellent off-road routes
National parks
Northumberland National Park
In a country not particularly known for big skies and wide open spaces, Northumberland
National Park is a dramatic exception. Stretching from Hadrian's Wal to the Cheviot Hills along
the traditional Scottish border, Northumberland National Park is one of England's emptiest
quarters. Only 2,200 people live within its 405 square miles, midway between Carlisle
and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The park, at the top of England, is virtually in the center of Britain.
Archaeological excavations show evidence of human occupation here for 10,000 years. And
the mysterious hillforts that top many hills in the northern part of the park were probably
built about 700 B.C.
Before the Norman Conquest, this area was the center of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of
Northumbria. It's scattering of historic villages, castles, burial cairns give an added dimension
to touring and outdoor activities in the park.
It's more recent history includes the designation of its Dark Sky Park, the largest area of
protected night sky in Europe.
Hiking, cycling, and riding are popular along quiet roads or off roads on moorland trails.
Fishing, golf, hill running and rock climbing are all popular activities. Birdwatchers take
advantage of Northumberland's vast open hills, grassy valleys and heather moorlands to spot
native peregrine falcons, dippers, common sandpipers and gray wagtails, ring ouzel, and
wheatears. There are skylarks, all sorts of warblers, kestrels, black grouse. And, around
Hadrian's Wall, look for whooper swans, goldeneye, greylag geese, white-fronted geese,
wigeon, teal, lapwings and tufted ducks.
Photo enthusiasts, as well as film fans should head for Sycamore Gap to meet the most
photographed tree in the UK. Designated as Tree of the Year by the Woodland Trust in 2016,
this solitary sycamore, in a gap of Hadrian's Wall, was a featured location in Robin Hood
Prince of Thieves and many other films.
Cairngorms National Park
Covering 1,748 square miles of central Scotland, the Cairngorms
National Park is the UK's largest. It is also the northernmost national
park in Great Britain. About 17,000 people live and work in the park,
an area characterized by high, arctic landscapes, wild and windswept
mountains and primeval forests.
The park has five of Scotland's six highest mountains and boasts the
cleanest rivers, lochs, and marshes in Scotland. Pine trees in
the Cairngorms original Caledonian forests include a rare variety found
only in Scotland and Norway.
Wildlife watchers head to the Cairngorms to see Golden Eagles,
Capercaillie, and the Scottish Crossbill, a bird only found in Britain. The
park is home to wildcats, water voles and otters.
Things to Do in the Cairngorms
Outdoor activities
Skiing and snow sports
Sailing, canoeing, and watersports
Fishing
Riding, cycling, mountain biking
Nature walks, hiking and climbing​
 Mountains

Each part of Great Britain has its

own mountain range. Though
there are many mountains in Great
Britain, they are not very high.
 Grampian Mountains
Height: 1344m

Area: 10,183 km²

Highest point: Ben Nevis

Mountain range: Scottish

Highlands

The range includes many of the

highest mountains in the British
Isles, including Ben Nevis (the
highest point in the British Isles
at 1,345 m
 Pennine Chain

Height: 893m

Area: 31 048  km²

Highest point: Cross Fell

The Pennines also known as
the Pennine Chain or Pennine Hills,
 is a range of hills and mountains
separating  North West England
 from Yorkshire and North East
England
 Cambrian Mountains

Height: 752m

Area: 1557  km²

Highest point: Snowdon

The mountains that stretch across

the territory of Wales and are in
the Lake District are called the
Cambrian Mountains. The highest
peak of the Cumbrian Mountains,
mount Snowdon, is also the
highest peak of Great Britain.
 Cheviot Hills

Height: 815m

Highest point: The Cheviot

The Cheviot Hills separate

England from Scotland. This
region of Cheviot Hills is famous
because of the fact that short-
wooled sheep breeding is
developed here and also high
quality woolen stuff is produced
in this district. This woolen cloth
is called "cheviot".
 Landscape

The landscape of
Britain varies from
flat, almost
featureless,
countryside through
heath, moorland and
rolling hills to
impressive mountains.
And, it varies over
relatively short
distances
 Landscape

The closest Britain gets

to wilderness is in the
Scottish Highlands – or
possibly the Welsh
mountains.  
 Landscape The English Lake
District

These parts of Britain,

together with the
English Lake District,
the Pennines and
upland moors like
Dartmoor, can still be
dangerous places –
even to experienced,
well-equipped, people
distances

Dartmoor
 Landscape

Whilst these areas can

be harsh and
spectacular, others
can be soft and almost
ridiculously pretty.  A
patchwork of fields,
divided by hedges or,
in the north, dry stone
walls.  Pine forests
and natural
woodland.  
 Landscape

Pine forests and

natural woodland
 Landscape

The coastline also

varies, from mudflats
through wide sandy
beaches, shingle
beaches and cliffs to
jagged fjord-like inlets.
Questions
1. What is the difference btw the Great Britain, the British
Isles and England?
2. The name, the location and the length of the longest
river?
3. The name, the location and the length of the largest lake?
4. What is the names of rivers which serve as natural
borders?