Scotland

MADE BY:
DENES ROBERT
B U R C U S E L M AR I U S
B O B V L AD
G AG E A B E TO
• Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island
of Great Britain mainland Scotland has a single border with England to the southeast and is
otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the northeast
and east, and the Irish Sea to the south.
• It also contains more than 790 islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and
the Northern Isles.
• The recognized languages are: English, Scots and Scottish Gaelic.
• The capital of Scotland is Edinburg.
• St. Andrew's Day, celebrated on November 30 each year, is considered a national holiday in Scotland
and across Europe. Known as the patron saint of Scotland, Romania, Greece, and many more
European countries.
 The national symbols

1) The National animal 3)The National bird of

of Scotland : Unicorn Scotland : Golden Eagle

2) The National flower

of Scotland : Thistle
 The population and the religion from Scotland
• The demography of Scotland includes all aspects of
population, past and present, in the area that is
now Scotland. Scotland has a population of 5,463,300,
as of 2019.
• As in any country, religion forms a vital part of
the culture in Scotland. A recent census has established
that the majority of the country practices Christianity.
While the national church of the country is the Church
of Scotland, it is important to recognize that it is not
under the control of the state. Even though Christianity
is the largest religious group in Scotland, there are
various other religions being practiced, each with their
own history and connection to Scotland.
 The relief
The relief of Scotland was formed by the wrinkling of the earth's crust after the alpine orogenesis.
From a topographical point of view the territory of Scotland can be divided into 3 marí regions:
1. Southern Uplands (20% of the territory)
It is the most populous area of Scotland. This area famous for its pastoral landscape
characterized by lines of hills separated by wide valleys.
2. Central Lowlands (20% of territory)
It is the industrial area of Scotland because it is rich in coal and iron resources.
3. Highlands (60% of the territory)
It represents the mountainous region of Scotland. The highest peak in Scotland is Ben Nevis (1
344 m), the following positions being rank Ben Macdui and Braeriach.
- Munros are called mountains with altitude over 944 m (284 mountains)
- Corbettes are called mountains with an altitude between 762 m and 914.4 m
The coast of Scotland has a length of 9911 km. The western part is intensely
crested and includes many lakes, and the eastern part is known for its
estuaries, sandy beaches and nature reserves.
• Scotland comprises 790 islands, many of which are located in the north and
west of the country. These islands can be found in 3 large groups being:
Shetland, Orkney and Hebrides. The largest island is Lewis and Harris with
an area of 2225 sq km.
 Hydrography

The 10 largest rivers in Scotland are: The 10 largest lakes in Scotland are:
1. The River Tay 193 km Lake Lomond 71.1 sq km
2. The River Spey 172 km Lake Ness 56.4 sq km
3. The River Clyde 171 km Lake Awe 38.5 sq km
4. The River Tweed 156 km Maree Lake 28.6 sq km
5. The River Deea 137 km Morar Lake 26.7 sq km
6. The River Don 132 km Lake Tay 26.4 sq km
7. The River Forth 105 km Lake Shin 22.5 sq km
8. The River Findhorn 101 km Lake Shiel 19.6 sq km
9. The River Deveron 98 km Lake Rannoch 19.1 sq km
10.The River Annan 79 km 1. Lake Ericht 18.7 sq km
 Flora and fauna
Scotland is recognized as the country with the largest wildlife in north-western Europe, although
throughout history many mammals such as the brown bear, the lynx, the wolf, the elk or walrus
have been hunted here. Also here is a large population of seagulls and seals.
At higher heights we can also find the mountain hen, the popandaul or the mountain hare, the
wild cat, the red squirrel.
• Also in Scotland is the oldest living being in Europe. This is the Stronardron Douglas Fir tree,
located in Argyll and is about 5000 years old.
 Climate

• The climate of Scotland is mostly temperate and

oceanic and tends to be very changeable, but rarely
extreme. It is warmed by the Gul Stream from the
Atlantic, and given its northerly latitude it is much
warmer than areas on similar latitudes, for
example Kamchatka in Russia or Labrador in
Canada (where the sea freezes over in winter),
or Fort McMurray, Canada (where −35 °C (−31 °F) is
not uncommon during winter). Scots sometimes
describe weather which is grey and gloomy using
the Scots language word dreich.
 Agriculture

• More than half of Scotland’s agricultural land is

dedicated to upland sheep farming and mixed sheep
and beef cattle farming. Moderate grazing by both
sheep and cattle supports diverse swards, patches of
short vegetation and areas of tall herbs. Hill farming
thus benefits many insects, plants and birds.
• Arable fields often depend on high levels of fertilisers
and pesticides and are less diverse than other
farmland habitats. But when managed less intensively
and with arable margins, conservation headlands or
beetlebanks, they may sustain small mammals, birds,
insects and rare plants like the cornflower.
 Industry

• The economy of Scotland is an open mixed

economy which, in 2020, had an estimated nominal gross
domestic product (GDP) of $205 billion[2] including oil and
gas extraction in Scottish waters. Since the Acts of Union
1707, Scotland's economy has been closely aligned with
the economy of the rest of the United Kingdom (UK),
and England has historically been its main trading partner.
Scotland still conducts the majority of its trade within the
UK: in 2017, Scotland's exports totalled £81.4 billion, of
which £48.9 billion (60%) was with constituent nations of
the UK, £14.9 billion with the rest of the European
Union (EU), and £17.6 billion with other parts of the world.
Scotland’s imports meanwhile totalled £94.4 billion
including intra-UK trade leaving Scotland with a trade
deficit of £10.4 billion in 2017.
• The main industries are fishing, Food & Drink, Forestry,
Oil & Gas, Renewable Energy, Textiles and Tourism