II

READING PRINCIPLES
AND TEACHING

RISA TRIASSANTI
THE NATURE AND TEACHING READING

• Writing system based on sounds or based on spoken form : Devanagri in India, Arabic in
Egypt, Roman Alphabet in western Europe.
• English has inconsistent spelling :though : cough : laugh : through.
• Chinese writing form based on meaning
THE WHOLE WORD VS PHONIC
DECODING
Phonic/decoding approach (c-h-i-l-d)
Written forms speech formsmeaning
Starts with mastery of sound of the letter
Focus on sound rather than meaning
Phonic training following the whole words stocks
Phonemes value can be learned from natural self
discovery
The purpose of reading is not to facilitate writing and They have analytical skill through the self analytic or
spelling
Boring and too confusing
Individual uttered sounds do not naturally blends
into word.
The whole word (a child plays at the park)
Sounds new words based on meaning
Focus on meaning and communication not on speech
Children have memory capacity on whole words
Read aloud takes longer than silent reading
Children have ability to learn vocabs and syntactic
structure of their language.
induction
Phrases/sentences inputsearch for
regularitiesforms
RESEARCH SUPPORTING INDUCTION

• Children learn letter sounds by induction (Gates,1928)

• Words are learned better than letters (Steinberg, 1975)
• Japanese learn Kanji learn faster in word whole than in meaningless sounds (Steinberg , 1977)
CONCLUSION

• Reading should involve only meaningfull words , phrases and sentences (familiar and close to
child environtment)
• Reading should not depends on teaching new language.
• Reading should be based on speech understanding not based on speech production.
• Reading should not depends on teaching writing
• Learning to read should be enjoyable
FOUR PHASES IN TEACHING READING

• Reading familiarization : attach word card with object

• Word identification : show the word with associate object and place the words to the objects
• Phrase and sentence identification
• Paragraphs, story and book reading
EARLY READING IS BENEFICIAL

• Reading is source of pleasure

• Love of reading is established
• Young children learn quickly and easily
• The children grow up to be better learners