VIBRATION

(BDA31103)

LECTURE 1:
FUNDAMENTAL OF VIBRATION

Shahmir Hayyan Sanusi

Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
UTHM
 Table of Contents

1. Basic Concept
2. Classification
3. Definition and Terminology
4. Vibration Analysis Procedure
5. Harmonic Motion

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 Why Study Vibration?
1. Vibrations can lead to excessive deflections
and failure on the machines and structures
2. To reduce vibration through proper design of
machines and their mountings

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 Good Vibration?

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 Bad Vibration?

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 Basic Concept of Vibration
 Vibration = any motion that repeats itself after an
interval of time.

Involves transfer of potential energy to kinetic

energy and vice versa.
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 Basic Concept of Vibration

General Vibratory System consists of:

1) spring or elasticity, k

2) mass or inertia, m

3) damper, c

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 Degree Of Freedom (D.O.F)

single DOF
Two DOFs

Multiple
DOFs
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 Classification Of Vibration
1. Free Vibration
2. Forced Vibration
3. Undamped Vibration
4. Damped Vibration
5. Linear Vibration
6. Nonlinear Vibration
7. Deterministic Vibration
8. Nondeterministic or Random Vibration
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 Definitions And Terminology
Cycle
The movement of a vibrating body from its undisturbed or
equilibrium position to its extreme position in one direction, then
to the equilibrium position, then to its extreme position in other
direction and back to equilibrium position.
Amplitude
The maximum displacement of a vibrating body from its
equilibrium position.
Period
The time taken to complete one cycle of motion, denoted by τ.
Frequency
The number of cycles per unit time, denoted by f.
1 
f  
 2
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 Definitions And Terminology
 Phase angle , Ф.
Consider two vibratory motion:
x1  A1 sin t
x2  A2 sin(t   )
These two harmonic motion are called synchronous because
they have the same frequency or angular velocity, ω.

 Natural frequency
Natural frequency is the frequency when the system vibrating at
its natural modes.

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 Vibration Analysis Procedure
A vibratory system is a dynamic system for which the variables
such as the excitations (inputs) and responses (outputs) are
time-dependent.
• Step 1: Mathematical Modeling

• Step 2: Derivation of Governing Equations

• Step 3: Solution of the Governing Equations

• Step 4: Interpretation of the Results

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 Harmonic Motion
• Periodic Motion: motion repeated after equal intervals
of time
• Harmonic Motion: simplest type of periodic motion

1) Vectorial representation of Harmonic Motion:

• Displacement (x): x  A sin   A sin t

dx
• Velocity:  A cos t
dt

• Acceleration: d 2x
  2
A sin  t   2
x
dt 2

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 Harmonic Motion
Example:
Scotch yoke mechanism,
vertical chimney due to
vortex shedding etc

The similarity between cyclic

(harmonic) and sinusoidal
motion.

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 Harmonic Motion

2) Complex Number representation of Harmonic Motion:

x  A cos t  i sin t 
 Aeit

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 Thank You For
Listening
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