UNIT –I SPUR GEAR

Lecture : 1.4

By Prof. Surendrasingh Y. Sonaye

 CONTENTS

•Interference and under cutting –

Methods to avoid interference.
 MINIMUM NUMBER OF TEETH ON A
PINION FOR INVOLUTE RACK TO AVOID
INTERFERENCE
INTERFERENCE UNDERCUTTING IN
GEAR
 EFFECT OF PROFILE SHIFTING TO THE
GEAR

1. The pinion becomes thicker at the base and thus stronger

2. The gear tooth correspondingly weakens since full depth of
gear tooth stronger than depth of pinion tooth, thus equilizes
the strengths
3. The unequal addendum tooth forms increase the sliding
velocity at the tooth tip.
4. Consequetively tooth surface streses increases
5. The friction losses in gear mesh also increases at high sliding
velocity
 METHODS FOR ELIMINATION OF
INTERFERENCE IN GEAR TOOTH

1. Removing the cross hatched

tooth tips i.e., using stub teeth
2. Increasing the number of
teeth on the mating pinion.
3. Increasing pressure angle
4. Tooth profile modification or
profile shifting
5. Increasing the center distance
as illustrated
• Use of a larger pressure angle can eliminate interference. As per the equation r b= r. cos
Ø having a larger pressure angle results in a smaller base circle. As a result, more of
the tooth profiles become involute. In this case, the tip of the tooth of one gear will not
have a chance to contact the flank of the other gear on its non-involute portion. Gears
are generally produced with larger pressure angle of 20° with full depth involute
system. The advantages of 20°- pressure angle system are:
(i) Stronger tooth with higher load carrying capacity
(ii) Greater length of contact
• However, the 14.5° -pressure angle system is quieter in operation. For a 20° -full
depth system, the standard proportions of the gear tooth are:
• a=m
• b = 1.25 m
• C= 0.25 m
• Tooth Thickness 1.5708 m
• Interference can be eliminated by under-cutting of tooth. A portion of
teeth below the base circle is cut off. When teeth are produced by this
process, the tip of one tooth of a gear will not contact the non-involute
portion of the tooth of other gear, hence, elimination of interference.
However, if the undercutting is pronounced, the undercut tooth is
considerably weakened.

• Elimination of interference is possible by tooth stubbing. In this process

a portion of the tip of the teeth is removed, thus preventing that portion
of the tip of tooth in contacting the non-involute portion of the other
meshing tooth. In this case also, the teeth are weakened. Both the tooth
undercutting and tooth stubbing may result in less contact ratio, thus
producing more noise.
• Increasing the number of teeth on the gear can also eliminate the chances of interference.
However, if the gears are to transmit more power, more teeth can be used only by increasing
the pitch diameter, otherwise the smaller-sized teeth may break in transmitting more loads.
This makes the gear larger for a given module. This is rarely desirable, as there is space
constraint in the machine to house larger gears. Another problem with larger gears is that for a
given rotational speed of the gear, the pitch line velocity would be more, consequently higher
noise levels. The minimum number of teeth to avoid interference (T min) is given by the
expression.
• Increasing slightly the centre distance between the meshing gears would also eliminate
interference.
• Using profile shifted gears (gears with non-standard profile) can also be an option to eliminate
interference. In profile shifted meshing gears, the addendum on the pinion is shorter compared
with standard gears.
Pressure Angle Force perpendicular
at f

Φ = 14.5˚ Φ = 20˚ Φ = 25˚