Criteria in

Selecting
Novels For
Analysis

Content
Analysis
Interpreting literary texts
comes with detailed planning
and writing. This involves the
assumption that a piece of
literature means everything.

Interpreted meaning can be

sometimes arguable and
complicated. Thus, the essential
role of the critique is to sort
these meanings.
1. The
materials
must be in
line with the
chosen topic.
Researchers can explore the
main literary elements as to:
• Characters;
• Themes
• Literary devices
• Setting
• narratives
 2. The novel has
to have sufficient
“ amount of reliable
evidence.
Evidence can be seen from:
a. reviews;
b. publication;
c. news article and the like.
3. Choose novels
that are significantly
related to the
existing literary
criticisms, theories
and lenses.
Literary criticism is known to
be a tool for interpreting a text.
Moreover, the purpose of
literary criticism is to provide
valuable judgement on the
work of a writer.
 4. Select novels
that are relevant
“ to the future
researchers.
Choose novels in a scholarly way by
touching issues like gender, race, class
that has significant meanings to the
readers and to the current milieu.
5. Familiarity of
the Text
A researcher must have a
general knowledge about the
text. He or she must possess a
clear understanding of the work
they will interpret.
“ 6. Other essential
features are
interest, lexis and
syntax used.
CONTENT
ANALYSIS
What is content
analysis?
Content analysis….
White & Marsh, 2006 Hseih & Shannon, 2005
is a flexible research is when the content of text
method for analyzing data is interpreted through a
texts and describing process of coding and
and interpreting the identifying themes or
written artifacts of a patterns, with the actual
society approaches ranging from
impressionistic, intuitive,
and interpretive analyses
What is content
analysis?
Content analysis….
White & Marsh, 2006
involves making inferences from texts to the
contexts of their use by using analytical
constructs derived from theories or research,
researchers adapt content analysis to their
research questions and develop a range of
techniques and approaches for analyzing
text.
When to use content
analysis?
It can be applied to any piece of writing or
occurrence of recorded communication. The
content analysis is used to
 reveal the communication content
 Identify intentions, focus or
communication trends of an individual,
group or institution
 Describe attitudinal and behavioral
responses of communication
 Determine psychological and emotional
state of persons or groups.
Merits of Content
Analysis
 Looks directly at communication via texts
or transcripts and hence gets at the central
aspect of social interaction
 Provides valauable historical and cultural
insights over time through analysis of the
text,
 Can be used to interpret text for purposes
such as development of expert systems
 Provides insightful complex models of
human thought and language thought.
 Sources:
An Introduction to Content Analysis Writing@CSU: Writing Guide History of Content Analysis r Read
about Uses of Content Analysis r Types of Content Analysis An Introduction to Content Analysis
Read a Brief History of Content Analysis q Read about Uses of. (1997).
http://www.umsl.edu/~wilmarthp/mrpc-web-resources/content-analysis.pdf
Beach, R., Enciso, P., Harste, J., Jenkins, C., Raina, S., Rogers, R., Short, K., Sung, Y., Wilson, M., &
Yenika-Agbaw, V. (2014). Exploring the “Critical” in Critical Content Analysis of Children’s
Literature. https://www.coe.arizona.edu/sites/default/files/critical_content_analysis-nrc.pdf
Bibby, S. (2014). Criteria and Creation: Literary Texts and a Literature Textbook. The Journal of
Literature in Language Teaching, 3(1).
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/243e/23d5fa70dc25db88626df0b9d44820945472.pd
Literature (Fiction) - The Writing Center. (2011). The Writing Center. https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-
and-tools/literature-fiction/
Marijani, f. C. (2014). Analysis of literary devices in selected novels of severine ndunguru fidas crispin
marijani a thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in english
literature of the open university of tanzania 2014. Https://core.Ac.Uk/download/pdf/33424829.Pdf
Rusul Alrubail. (2014, December 3). Teaching Literary Analysis. Edutopia; George Lucas Educational
Foundation. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/reaching-literary-analysis-rusul-alrubail