Review

LIKEABLE LUCY
Crust
Mantle
Lithosphere
Aluminum
Inner Core
Silicate
Magnesium
SEISMIC WAVES
& EPICENTERS
Module 2
 ?
WHY DOES THE EARTH

SHAKE
Seismic Waves
That travel through Earth
Generated by movement of the Earth’s plates, explosions,
volcanoes and landslides
Beirut
Explosion
Scientists
understand Earth's interior
by studying seismic waves.
SEISMIC
Waves of energy
WAVES
Caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the
earth or an explosion.
It travels through the earth
It is recorded on seismographs.
SEISMIC
TYPES
WAVES
BODY WAVES
SURFACE WAVES
 ?
WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE
DIFFERENCE
BODY WAVES
Traveling through the
interior of the earth
SURFACE WAVES
Traveling through the
crust
 BODY SURFACE
WAVES WAVES

arrival EARLY LATE

frequency HIGHER LOWER
damage LESS MOST
P-WAVE LOVE WAVES
TYPES S-WAVE RAYLEIGH WAVES
 • The fastest kind of seismic wave
P-WAVES
primary wave • The first to 'arrive' at a seismic station
 P-WAVES
primary wave
It can move through solid rock
and fluids, like water or the
liquid layers of the earth.
 It pu
just shes and
li ke pulls
comp s o und w the r
ressio aves ock i
n al w push t mov
ave an d p es th
ul l t rough
he ai
r.
 • Arrives after the P-waves
S-WAVES
secondary wave • Second wave you feel in an earthquake
 S-WAVES
secondary wave
Can only move through
solid rock, not through
any liquid medium.
 S wave
s move
perpen rock pa
dicular r
directio to the d ticles up and
n of wa irection down,
ve prop t hat or side
the wa -
agation ve is tra to-side--
veling i
n (the
 ?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
P & S-WAVES
 BODY SURFACE
WAVES WAVES

arrival EARLY LATE

frequency HIGHER LOWER
damage LESS MOST
P-WAVE LOVE WAVES
TYPES S-WAVE RAYLEIGH WAVES
 A.E.H. Love, a British mathematician who worked
LOVE WAVES out the model for this kind of wave in 1911.

• It m
• Prod oves the g
uces e round
ntirely from
horizo side-to-
ntal m side.
otion
 RAYLEIGH John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, who
mathematically predicted the existence of this kind
WAVES of wave in 1885.

• Roll
• mov s along th
es the e grou
side-t groun nd
o d
the w -side in the up and do
ave is s w
movin am e dire n, and
g ction
that
Locating the Epicenter
Earthquake
a weak violent shaking of the ground produced by a sudden movement
of the rock materials below the earth’s surface
Focus or Hypocenter
The point inside the Earth where the earthquake started

Epicenter
The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus
 TRIANGULATIO
N
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBqtC_yz_Ok