What is Live Zero in 4-20 mA Current Loop ?

Prepared by: “Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you

were to live forever.”
Jeremi Marco M Mahatma Gandhi
Types of maintenance
Preventive maintenance (PM)
Its mission is to maintain a level of certain service on equipment, programming
the interventions of their vulnerabilities in the most opportune time. It is used
to be a systematic character, that is, the equipment is inspected even if it has
not given any symptoms of having a problem..

Corrective maintenance (CM)

The set of tasks is destined to correct the defects to be found in the
different equipment and that are communicated to the maintenance
department by users of the same equipment..

Breakdown maintenance (BDM)

Breakdown maintenance is maintenance performed on a piece of equipment
that has broken down, faulted, or otherwise cannot be operated. The goal of
breakdown maintenance is to fix something that has malfunctioned.

Quality maintenance
Quality Maintenance is the sixth pillar of TPM and aims to assure zero defect
conditions. It does this by understanding and controlling the process
interactions between manpower, material, machines and methods that could
enable defects to occur..
 What is Live Zero in 4-20 mA Current Loop ?

The popular myth about 4-20 mA, debunked.

A lot of C&I practitioners (including me) has long believed that the establishment of 4 mA as
the lower range of the widely used analog current is due to the fact that at fault condition,
the electronic signal will always fall to 0 mA. Hence, the creation of the term “live zero.”
 Live Zero in 4-20 mA Current Loop

Yes, an electronic signal may really fall to zero at certain fault circumstances e.g.
disconnection between the transmitter and analog card receiver, but it is also possible to
rise at 20 mA or at certain locking intermediate value given the fact that a lot of electronic
transmitters now are “smart” which means that they can have self-diagnostic capabilities,
allowing them to be programmed to assume a worst case deviation value. Chances are it
won’t be 0 mA given a certain goal of a process during fault detection.
 Live Zero in 4-20 mA Current Loop

The viable reason behind the use of this “live zero” has hardly anything to do with failure. A
live zero provides a minimum current for the signal source which enables the device to be
powered from the receiver.

A term which we may have heard of called “two-wire transmission” defines this scenario and
it eliminates the requirement of another pair of conductors to serve as the power source of a
transmitter.
 Live Zero in 4-20 mA Current Loop

Figure 1 shows a transmitter operating on a “dead-zero” range such as the legacy 0-10 mA
standard. This requires the provision of power supply connections to the device so four
conductor wires are required for each transmitter.

Figure 1: Without the “live zero” transmission

 Live Zero in 4-20 mA Current Loop

With a live zero, in Figure 2, the transmitter circuitry can already be powered from the
receiver itself and only two conductor wires are required.

Figure 2: Two-wire transmission with “live zero”

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What is Live Zero in 4-20 mA Current Loop ?
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