CARDIOMYOPATH

Y
CADIOMYOPATHY
Is a group of diseases that weakened the
heart muscle, the myocardium making it
harder to the heart to pump blood.
symptoms
shortness of breath
Fatigue
Rapid heartbeats
Chest pain
Swelling of lower limbs
Dizziness
fainting
Types of cardiomyopathy
DILATED
HYPERTROPHIC
RESTRICTIVE
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Thinning of myocardium and enlargement
of heart chamber most commonly in left
ventricle.
Cause:
unknown
Risk factor:
High blood presure
Previous heart attack
Alcohol/cocaine use
Toxin (lead ,mercury)
Infections
Obesity and diabetes
Diagnostic measures
History
Echocardiography
Chest x-ray
ECG
Cardiac catheterization
management
Nitratres
Loop diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Beta adrenergic blockers
Aldosterone agonist
Cardiac glycoside
Anticoagulation theraphy
Surgical management
Cardiac transplantation
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Thickening of heart muscle most
commonly occurs in the interventricular
septum facing the LV. It obstruct the blood
flow into the aorta this condition is called
outflow tract obstruction or obstructive
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
etiology
Inherited (autosomal dominant)
Risk factor :
High blood pressure
Aging
“major cause of sudden cardiac death in
young athlete.”
Diagnostic test
History and physical examination
Transthoracic echocardiogram
ECG
Cardiac MRI
Cardiac catheterization
management
Beta adrenergic blockers
Calcium channel blocker
Antidysrhytmic drugs
Surgical management
Septal myectomy
Septal ablation
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
(ICD)
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
When the heart muscle becomes rigid,
lacking the elasticity require to properly fill
and pump blood.
etiology
Unknown
Myocardial fibrosis, endocardial fibrosis,
sarcoidosis and radiation to the thorax.
“more likely in older people”
Diagnostic test
Chest x-ray
ECG
Echocardiography
CT-Scan and MRI Scan
management
Beta adrenergic blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Steroids
Antidysrhytmic drugs
“a heart transplantation may be considered
if the heart function is very poor and the
symptoms are severe.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Instruct the pt to take all medicines on prescribed
time.
Encourage to use low sodium diet
Instruct to drink more water
Instruct the pt to maintain proper body weight
Teach the pt to balance activity and rest
Instruct the pt to avoid vigorous activities and
exercises.
Encourage to perform stress reduction
activities
Teach about breathing and coughing
exercise
Suggest the family members to learn about
CPR.
Nursing diagnosis
Decreased cardiac output related to altered
contractility
Activity intolerance related to imbalance
between oxygen supply and demand
Ineffective role performance related to
changes in physical health, stress, demands
of job/life.