BETWEEN CARDIAC

ARREST AND
CONGESTIVE HEART
FAILURE
 INTRODUCTION
CARDIAC ARREST VS. HEART FAILURE: BOTH ARE DANGEROUS
HEART CONDITIONS, BUT THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT PROBLEMS.
THERE ARE LINKS BETWEEN THE TWO. LEARN THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN HEART FAILURE AND CARDIAC ARREST AND WHICH ONE
IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY.

YOU MAY BE AT HIGHER RISK FOR BOTH CARDIAC ARREST AND

HEART FAILURE IF YOU ARE A MAN, IF YOU ARE 65 YEARS OR
OLDER, OR IF OTHERS IN YOUR FAMILY NAVE HAD HEART DISEASE.
IF YOU HAVE HEART FAILURE, YOU ARE MORE LIKELY THAN
OTHER PEOPLE TO HAVE CARDIAC ARREST. AND IF YOU’VE
ALREADY HAD CARDIAC ARREST, YOUR CHANCES OF DEVELOPING
 DEFINITION
CARDIAC ARREST - It is a condition in which the heart suddenly
and unexpectedly stop beating and the cessation of blood flow occurs towards the
brain and other vital organs.

Congestive heart failure - Heart failure describes the clinical

syndrome that develop when the heart can not maintain an adequate cardiac
output. The heart pumps blood inadequately, leading to reduced blood flow, back-
up (congestion) of blood in the veins and lungs, and other changes that may
further weaken the heart
 CAUSES
CARDIAC ARREST
 Cardiac arrest means your heart stops
beating. This usually happens because
you have an arrhythmia. That’s an
abnormal type of heartbeat. Having heart
disease increases your risk of cardiac
arrest. But anyone can go into cardiac
arrest.
CONGESTIVE HEART
FAILURE
 Heart failure means your heart is not working
as well as it should. Think of it as heart
‘weakness.” Your heart is doing a poor job of
getting fresh, oxygen-rich blood out to the
rest of your body. Common causes of heart
failure are high blood pressure and diabetes.
Another is coronary artery disease, also
known as heart disease. That results from the
buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply
your heart muscles
 RISK FACTORS
CARDIAC ARREST CONGESTIVE HEART
Abnormal heart rhythms FAILURE
birth defects of the heart or blood vessels Coronary artery disease

Previous Myocardial Infarction. Heart attack

Coronary Artery Disease High blood pressure

Family History of SCD. Heart valves disorders

Cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart Failure
Long QT Syndrome.
 Excessive alcoholism
 Pulmonary embolism
 Overweight and obesity
 Inflammation of Heart muscle (myocarditis, cardiomyopathy)
 Severe lung disease ( pulmonary hypertension)
 severe anemia
 Thyroid gland Overactive(hyperthyroidism)
 Underactive thyroid gland(hypothyroidism)
 Abnormal heart rhythms(atrial fibrillation)
 Kidney failure
 CLINICAL
CARDIAC MENIFESTATIONS
ARREST CONGESTIVE HEART
The most reliable sign is absence of pulse
FAILURE
Unconsciousness/Unresponsiveness
Symptoms (back up of blood and fluid)
No respiratory movements
Dyspnea
No blood pressure
Orthopnea
Pupils begin dilating within 45 secs.
Reduced exercise tolerance, lethargy, fatigue
Seizures- may or may not occur
Nocturnal cough
Death like appearance
Wheeze
 Lips and nail beds turn blue and skin turns pale  Ankle swelling
 Tachycardia
 Pulses alterations
 Elevated jugular venous pressure
DIAGNOSTICCONGESTIVE
EVALUATIONHEART
CARDIAC ARREST FAILURE
HISTORY COLLECTION AND PHYSICAL Patient history
EXAMINATION  Physical examination
 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY  Electrocardiography (ejection fraction)
 CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION  Radionuclide
 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY  Magnetic resonance computed tomography imaging
 HOLTER MONITORING  Cardiac catheterization with angiography
 EXERCISE/STRESS TEST  A biopsy of heart muscle is needed
 MRI-STUDIES
 BLOOD STUDIES: Which include the examination
of cardiac enzyme level, serum electrolytes level and
hormonal level
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
CONGESTIVE HEART
CARDIAC ARREST FAILURE
 In the pharmacological management of cardiac arrest  Lifestyle change
the drugs include ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and 1. Salt restriction
calcium channel blocker. Antiarrhythmic drugs can
2. Exercises
control abnormal heart rhythm. Drug therapy alone
will not be effective for reducing cardiac arrest. 3. Smoking and alcoholism
4.Body weight (daily weight)
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
5. Supportive stockings
 ACLS – Advanced cardiac life support refers to the
use of specialized techniques , in an attempt to
 Drug management
rapidly restore an effective rhythm to the heart . The  1.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
most important components of the ALS techniques  2.Angiotensin II receptor blockers
are direct current defibrillation and efficient BLS.
 3.Beta-blockers
 AED - Automated external defibrillators are the  4.Other vasodilators ( nitroglycerin)
devices which will provide electric shocks
automatically to abnormal rhythms of heart.
 5.Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
 6.Aldosterone receptor blockers (spironolactone)
7.Loop diuretics
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
CONGESTIVE HEART
CARDIAC ARREST
Coronary angioplasty
Coronary artery bypass graft
Heart transplantation
 Corrective heart surgery
FAILURE
Coronary artery bypass grafting
(revascularization)
Percutaneous coronary intervention
(Angioplasty)
Valve replacement
Biventricular pacemaker
Heart transplantation
 Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
Assess the general condition of the patient.
Monitor the airway, breathing and circulation.
Administer oxygen.
Closely monitor the ECG changes of the patient.
Continuous cardiac monitoring of the patient.
 Monitor the oxygen saturation level frequently.
 Monitor the lab values.
 Keep the defibrillator and emergency tray ready at patients side.
 Teach the co-workers and patient relatives about CPR.
 Provide psychological support to the patient.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR
ATTENTION!!!!