Portafolio de evidencias de la

segunda unidad
Student: Miguel A. I. Serrano Lemus
Índice
Comparative chart . . . 1

The Past Continuous . . . 2

Comparatives . . . . 3
1. The essential comparison
chart of the “Simple Present
Tense vs. the Present
Continuous”.
Student: Miguel A. I. Serrano Lemus
 Form
Simple Present Present Continuous
(Progressive)

Infinitive form of ‘be’ and verb + ing

(Erd person singular: infinitive + ‘s’)

I speak I am speaking
You speak you are speaking
he/she/it speaks he/she/it is speaking
we speak we are speaking
they speak they are speaking

Exceptions

Exceptions when adding ‘s’: Exceptions when adding ‘ing’:

● For can, may, might, must, do not add ‘s’.
● After o, ch, sh, or s, add es.
● After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes ie. (but:
not after a vowel).
● Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee).
● After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled.
● After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British
English (but not in American English).
● Final ie becomes y.
 Structure
Affirmative Sentences
Simple Present Present Continuous
(Progressive)

Subject + verb Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + verb -ing.

I talk. i am talking
He eats. he is eating
They learn. they are learning
 Structure
Negative Sentences
Simple Present Present Continuous
(Progressive)

Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + negative auxiliary (not) + verb. Subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + negative auxiliary (not) + verb
-ing.
I do not [don’t] talk
He does not [doesn’t] eat. I’m not talking.
They do not [don’t] learn. He’s not [He isn’t] eating.
 Structure
Interrogative Sentences
Simple Present Present Continuous
(Progressive)

Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + verb? Auxiliary verb (to be) + subject + verb?

Do you talk? Are you talking?

Does he eat? Is he eating?
Do they learn? Are they learning?
 Use
In general or right now?
Simple Present Present Continuous
(Progressive)

in general (regularly, often, never) right now

Colin plays football every Tuesday. Look! Colin is playing football now.
present actions happening one after another also for several actions happening at the same time
First Colin plays football, then he watches TV. Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.

Signal words

● always ● at the moment

● every… ● at this moment
● often ● today
● normally ● now
● usually ● right now
● sometimes ● Listen!
● seldom ● Look!
● never
● first
● then

Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:
be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want
 Use
Timetable/Schedule or arrangement?
Simple Present Present Continuous
(Progressive)

action set by a timetable or schedule arrangement for the near future

The film starts at 8 pm. I am going to the cinema tonight.

Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?

Simple Present Present Continuous
(Progressive)

daily routine only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen
Bob works in a restaurant directly at the moment of speaking)
Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.
 Certain verbs

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).

● state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit

● possession: belong, have
● senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
● feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
● brain work: believe, know, think, understand
● Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say
 Bibliography

● English lesson: Present Continuous. (s. f.). Curso-ingles.com. Recuperado 24 de octubre de 2020, de https://www.curso-

ingles.com/en/learn/courses/basic-level/verb-tenses-present/present-continuous

● English lesson: Present Simple. (s. f.). Curso-ingles.com. Recuperado 24 de octubre de 2020, de https://www.curso-ingles.com/en/learn/courses/basic-

level/verb-tenses-present/present-simple

● Alexander Lane. (2017, 5 abril). Present Continuous Tense, Lesson 3: Spelling Rules. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=PjJxxhuBj0g&feature=emb_logo

● GbR, L. (s. f.). Simple Present vs. Present Progressive - English Grammar. English Grammar Online. Recuperado 24 de octubre de 2020, de

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpre-prepro
2. THE PAST CONTINUOUS
By Miguel A. I. Serrano Lemus
What is the past continuous?

The past continuous is made from the past tense of the verb be and the –ing form of a verb:

I was working
You were playing
She was Dancing
We were eating

Past continuous. (s. f.). British Council. Recuperado 31 de octubre de 2020, de https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/past-continuous
When we use the past continuous?

We use the past continuous to talk about the past: Example

for something which happened before and after another action The children were doing their homework when I got home.

for something that happened before and after a specific time It was eight o'clock. I was writing a letter.

to show that something continued for some time My head was aching.

with verbs which show change or growth Her English was improving.

● for something that happened again and again I was practising every day, three times a day.

Past continuous. (s. f.). British Council. Recuperado 31 de octubre de 2020, de https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/past-continuous
When we don't use the past continuous?

We do not normally use the past continuous with stative verbs. We use the past simple instead:

When I got home, I really needed (NOT was needing) a shower.

Past continuous. (s. f.). British Council. Recuperado 31 de octubre de 2020, de https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-grammar-reference/past-continuous
Comparative Adjetives
By: Miguel A. I. Serrano Lemus
 FORM
Below are the rules for forming the comparative and superlative forms of gradable adjectives.

1. For one syllable adjectives:

Comparative Superlative
add: "-er" add: "-est"
faster fastest

2. For one syllable adjectives that end in "-e":

Comparative Superlative
add: "-r" add: "-st"
nicer nicest
 FORM
3. For one syllable adjectives that end in "consonant + vowel + consonant":

Comparative Superlative
add: consonant + "-er" add: consonant + "-est"
hotter hottest

4. For two syllable adjectives that end in "-y":

Comparative Superlative
Substitute "y" for: "-ier" Substitute "y" for: "-iest"
funnier funniest
 FORM
5. For  adjetives of two syllables or more:

Comparative Superlative
add:"more" / "less" add:"the most" / "the least"
more beautiful the most beautiful
less beautiful the least beautiful

6. Irregular adjectives:

Adjetive Comparative Superlative

good better best
bad worse worst
far further furthest
 REFERENCE

◦ Comparative Adjectives | Grammar | EnglishClub. (s. f.). English CLUB. Recuperado 31 de octubre de 2020, de
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adjectives-comparative.htm

◦ Superlative Adjectives | Grammar | EnglishClub. (s. f.). English CLUB. Recuperado 31 de octubre de 2020, de
https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adjectives-superlative.htm

◦ Lección de inglés: Comparatives and Superlatives. (s. f.). Curso-ingles.com. Recuperado 31 de octubre de 2020, de
https://www.curso-ingles.com/aprender/cursos/nivel-intermedio/comparative-superlative/comparatives-and-superlatives