School of Mechanical Engineering

Presentation for BTech Project (Review 1)

Dynamic Bus Charger

Students Name:
Pritee Vinkar (4102)
Pratik Hapase (4105)
Guide:
Sandesh Mahajan (4153)
Prof. P. Kothmire
Mayank Rambhad (4167)
 Index

• Introduction
• Problem Statement /Title
• Purpose , Scope Aim and Objectives
• Abstract (System Overviews)
• Literature survey (in short)
• Project Planning (Gantt Chart)
• References
 Introduction

• Industry shifting towards electric

• Electric buses are being promoted
• There are problems due which not being used up
to full extent
• Range Problems
• Charging Problems
 Title : Dynamic Bus Charger
Problem statement
To implement a mechanism in buses that would continuously charge the
buses in dynamic condition itself using aerodynamic drag force.

Objectives to be achieved
• Decrease cost of buses
• Reduce frequency of charging of buses
• Increase the use of electric buses even over longer distances
• Bring Electrical revolution
 Abstract (System Overview)
 In India City buses are used for 150 – 300 KM per day and coach buses are generally
used for long journey from 400 km to 600 km. Volvo B11R bus is widely used by
private as well as state government players for its comfortable ride and luxurious
feel.
 As in electric buses the charging is the main constraint due to which after getting
fully charged the bus will travel particular distance and after that the recharge of
battery should be done at charging station.
 So as in this project we use Aerodynamic drag which depends on exterior body of
vehicle like depends upon the shape of vehicle so Without affecting structural
integrity we are implementing our model which will charge the battery in dynamic
condition itself.
 CATIA V5 R19 will be used for bus body model and Ansys fluent for CFD analysis.
Existing bus body CFD analysis is compared with modified design of bus body on
different speed varies from 80 kmph to 120 kmph cause the aerodynamic effect is
prone on these speed ranges. Drag coefficient is compared both models and analyzed
the future design of bus body.
 Pre-project Literature Survey

The total number of vehicles has increased from 55 million to 142 million
Electric buses conc. has increased to 87% by 2015 worldwide
Bus Range 250+ kms from 5-6 hours charge
Average distance covered by buses 200 kms
Electric buses are costlier as compared to CNG buses
Electric buses cost reduction is done with the help of subsidies, tax exemption and other non
technical reforms but no attention given to technical methods
Literature Survey for Aerodynamic Drag and Mechanism

 As aerodynamic Drag is maximum at front face of vehicle and turbulent flow is at back of
vehicle.
 Side area of the Bus is an important part where the drag is generated the most and the length of
inter urban city bus is 11m .
 Ashok Leyland bus is considered for analysis which is of 12 m and coefficient of drag is
obtained is 0.681 at 120 Km/hr on 12m Bus.
 There are many bus models, but the longest bus model is considered for the CFD analysis. i.e.
VOLVO 9400 14.5 m vehicle and the drag which is obtained around 0.65 at 120km/hr.
 Roof AC is also responsible to generate coefficient of pressure about 0.8. This is also increase
the drag force
 Among the total drag of transportation vehicle, 40% skin friction and 60% pressure drag is
present.
 Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed, therefore it becomes critically important
at higher speeds.
 Enabling the use of existing chassis.
 Making the flow of air in such a way that it would cause battery cooling
 BUS Block Diagram

Generator
Turbine

Nozzle

Battery
 Drag force
Fd= Drag force
ρ= density
v= velocity
Cd= drag coefficient
A= cross sectional area
Theoretical analysis of forces
Drag Force for various speeds:
Speed Drag Force (N)
At 80kmph 882
At 85kmph 1058.4
At 90kmph 1234.8
At 95kmph 1411.2
At 100kmph 1499.4
At 105kmph 1675.8
At 110kmph 1764
At 115kmph 2028.6
Bus Specifications
Specifications Dimensions
Wheel Base 6200 mm
Front Over angle 2026 mm
Rear Over angle 3474 mm
Overall Length 11700 mm
Front Track 2020 mm
Rear Track 1816 mm
Min.Ground Clearance 260 mm
Turning Circle Radius 9025 mm
GVW {KG} 16200 kg
Drag coefficients and fuel consumption for various speeds:
Speed Drag coefficient Fuel Consumption (litres per
100 km)

80kmph 0.4666 21.35

100kmph 0.7022 30.00

115kmph 0.9259 31.97

The fuel consumption of the bus at various speeds is calculated with the help of a tool
named MPG calculator.
(http://ecomodder.com/forum/tool-aero-rollingresistance.php)
 CFD of bus
Objective
To understand the flow of air around bus with help of streamline simulation in ANSYS Fluent
and check the area of maximum concentration

Methodology
• Import model in fluent
• Edit geometry to define enclose, Boolean and control volume
• Generate mesh
• Enter solution and fix inlet velocity and boundary conditions
• Decide the number of iterations and solve the model
• Obtain streamlines by selecting the inlet surface and number of points
Enclosure
Streamlines
 Results
• Side view Front View
 Week 20
Week 10

Week 16
Week 12

Week 19
Week 14
Week 13

Week 17
Week 15
Week 11

Week 18
Week 6

Week 8
Week 2
Week 1

Week 3

Week 9
Week 7
Week 4

Week 5
Idea and
Research Aug

Literature
Survey Work Aug

Block Diagram
and theoretical
Aug-Sept
Modal

Comparison
with Existing September
one
Design with
Material October
Selection
Oct - November
Calculations

Analysis and Nov- Janauary

Results
February End
Milestone

Gantt Chart
 Selected References

• Operations and Charging scheduling of Electric Buses in a city bus network – by Topon Paul and Hisashi Yamada – 978-
1-4799-6078-1/14/2014 IEEE
• Electric Bus Concept against to Diesel and CNG Bus for Public Transport Operations – by Orhan TOPAL Directorate –
978-1-5090-5938-6/17/2017 IEEE
• The Impact of Battery Electric Buses in public Transport – by Gaetano Valentini , Marina Ferrara, Carlo Villante – 978-
1-5368-3917-7/17/2017 IEEE
• Reducing Energy Consumption of electric buses with design choices and predictive driving Klaus Kivekas, Kari Tammi
– 0018-9545 © 2019 IEEE
• Transportation Research Part C – Zhaocai - 0968 © 2017
• Feasibility of Electric Bus Operation in Urban Areas, Case Study-Delhi – Pintu Saini, Dr. D. P. Sarkar
• www.Wikipedia.com/electric_buses/
• Modification in commercial bus model to overcome aerodynamic drag effect by using CFD analysis -Chandrashekhar
R. Jadhav , Rashmi P. Chorage (Elsevier)
• D Rakesh ArunRaveendran, S.N. Shridhara, Exterior styling of an Intercity Transport Bus for improved aerodynamic
performance (Elsevier)
Thank You!!
Any questions