MINOR PROJECT PRESENTATION

IES-IPS ACADEMY

A PROJECT ON PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS

BIODEGRADABLE WASTE IN COLLEGE
CAMPUS
 INTRODUCTION
 Biogas is a clean environment friendly fuel that can be
obtained by anaerobic digestion of animal residues and
domestic and farm wastes, abundantly available in the
countryside.
 Methane is a clean energy one of the constituent of
biogas which has a great potential to be an alternative
fuel.
 The natural generation of biogas is an important part
of the biogeochemical carbon cycle. Methanogens
(methane producing bacteria) are the last link in a chain
of micro-organisms which degrade organic material and
return the decomposition products to the environment.
 Average calorific value of biogas is 20 MJ/m3 (4713
kcal/m3).
 Composition of Biogas
Biogas

Other gases: 2-7%

N22 : 0 -5%
H22: 0-1%,
H22S: 0-3%

Carbon Methane
dioxide (CO2): (CH4): 40-
25-55% 70%
 PRODUCTION PROCESS

A typical biogas system consists of the following components:

(1) Manure collection
(2) Digestion (Aerobic & Anaerobic)
Biological process (microbiology)
1. Hydrolysis 2. Acidification 3. Methanogenesis

(3) Effluent storage

(4) Gas handling
(5) Gas use.
MICROBIOLOGY???
 LITERATURE REVIEW
(1) Shalini singh et al.[1] (2000) studied the increased biogas production using
microbial stimulants. They studied the effect of microbial stimulant aquasan and
teresan on biogas yield from cattle dung and combined residue of cattle dung and
kitchen waste respectively. The result shows that dual addition of aquasan to cattle
dung on day 1 and day 15 increased the gas production by 55% over unamended
cattle dung and addition of teresan to cattle dung : kitchen waste (1:1) mixed
residue 15% increased gas production.

(2) ARTI_appropriate rural technology of India, pune (2003) has developed a compact
biogas plant which uses waste food rather than any cow dung as feedstock, to
supply biogas for cooking. The plant is sufficiently compact to be used by urban
households and about 2000 are currently in use – both in urban and rural
households in Maharashtra.
Dr. Anand Karve (ARTI) developed a compact biogas system that uses starchy or sugary
feedstock . Just 2 kg of such feedstock produces about 500 g of methane, and the
reaction is completed with 24 hours. The conventional biogas systems, using cattle
dung, sewerage, etc. use about 40 kg feedstock to produce the same quantity of
methane, and require about 40 days to complete the reaction.
(3) Hilkiah Igoni[4] (2008) studied the effect of Total Solids Concentration of
Municipal Solid Waste on the Biogas Produced in an Anaerobic Continuous
Digester. The total solids (TS) concentration of the waste influences the pH,
and effectiveness of the microorganisms in the decomposition process.
They investigated various concentrations of the TS of MSW in an anaerobic
continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and the corresponding amounts of
biogas produced, in order to determine conditions for optimum gas
production. The results show that when the percentage total solids (PTS) of
municipal solid waste in an anaerobic continuous digestions process
increases, there is a corresponding geometric increase for biogas produced.
(4) Ravi P Agrahari and G N Tiwari[8] (2013) compared different ratios of
Kitchen Waste Under Aluminium Made Biogas Plant. Aluminium is also
better alternative on the basis of biogas production and also safe for the
environment because it can easily be disintegrated by microorganisms but
plastic creates a lot of environmental problem due to its non-biodegradable
nature. Black painted aluminium made biogas plant will be the best
alternative under community level biogas production from kitchen waste.
 SURVEY OF IPS CAMPUS
S.NO. PERTICULAR QUANTITY PER DAY IN KG

1 Canteen (40kg capacity 2 container) 15

2 Mess (As per 2000 meal plates per day ) 50

3 College floors & campus 50

4 Boy’s hostel (4 container) 13

5 Girls’ hostel (4 container) 13

6 IPS School + Architecture campus + Dispensary 2

7 Green grass waste (6 Quintal/month) 20

Total waste 163

 UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS

• Cooking: Biogas can be used in a specially designed burner for

cooking purpose. A biogas plant of 2 cubic meters capacity is sufficient
for providing cooking fuel needs of a family of about five persons.
• Lighting: Biogas is used in silk mantle lamps for lighting purpose. The
requirement of gas for powering a 100 candle lamp (60 W) is 0.13
cubic meter per hour.
• Power Generation: Biogas can be used to operate a dual fuel engine
to replace up to 80 % of diesel-oil. Diesel engines have been modified
to run 100 per cent on biogas. Petrol and CNG engines can also be
modified easily to use biogas.
• Transport Fuel: After removal of CO2, H2S and water vapor, biogas can
be converted to natural gas quality for use in vehicles.
 NEED FOR THE BIOGAS REFINING
AND BOTTLING:

 Potential of biogas is not fully utilized and commercialized so

far.

 For commercialization, its area of application may widen;

from cooking fuel to vehicle fuel.

 For use as a vehicle fuel, it should be bottled like CNG.

 Before bottling, it should enriched in methane content from

55% to 95%; similar to CNG.
 h a n k Yo u
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