8 C2 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
• This chapter focuses on using graphs of

sinθ, cosθ and tanθ
• We will be seeing how to work out values

of these from the graphs
• We are also going to look at

transformations of these graphs
y y = sinθ
You need to be able to recognise 1
the graphs of sinθ, cosθ and tanθ
0 θ
-360º -270º -180º -90º 90º 180º 270º 360º
You will have seen all these graphs on -1
your GCSE
y
The key points to remember are the y = cosθ
peaks/troughs of each, and the points 1
of intersection
0 θ
-360º -270º -180º -90º 90º 180º 270º 360º
The Cos graph is the same as the Sin
-1
graph, but shifted along (it starts at 1
instead of 0)
y = tanθ
The Tan graph has lines called
asymptotes. These are points the 1
graph approaches but never reaches θ
(90º, 270º etc…) 0
-360º -270º -180º -90º 90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
Period (length of wave) = 360º for
Sin and Cos, and 180º for Tan
8C
y y = sinθ
1
You need to be able to
recognise the graphs of sinθ, 0 θ
-2π -3π -π -π
-90º π π 3π
cosθ and tanθ -360º -270º -180º
2
90º
2
180º 270º 360º
2π
2 2
-1
These are the same graphs, but
with radians instead… y
y = cosθ
1
0 θ
-2π
-360º -3π
-270º -π
-180º -π
-90º π
90º π
180º 3π
270º 360º
2π
2 2 2 2
-1
y = tanθ
1
θ
-π 0 π
-2π
-360º -3π
-270º -π
-180º -90º 90º π
180º 3π
270º 360º
2π
2 2 2 2
-1
8C
y y = sinθ
recognise the graphs of sinθ, -40 -40
1
cosθ and tanθ 50 130
You need to be able to work out 0 θ

larger values of sin, cos and tan 90º 180º 270º 360º
as acute angles (0º - 90º)

-1
 Write sin 130º as sine of an
acute angle
(sometimes asked as a
‘trigonometric ratio’)  Draw a sketch of the graph
 Mark on 130º
Sin 130º = Sin 50º
 Using the fact that the graph has symmetry, find
an acute value of θ which has the same value as sin 130
8C
y y = cosθ
You need to be able to +60 +60
1
recognise the graphs of sinθ,
cosθ and tanθ -60 60
+30
θ
0
-270º -180º +30 -90º 90º 180º 270º
You need to be able to work out
larger values of sin, cos and tan
-120
as acute angles (0º - 90º) -1
 Write cos (-120)º as cos of an

acute angle
 Draw a sketch of the graph
Cos(-120)º = -Cos 60º  Mark on -120º
an acute value of θ which has the same numerical value
as cos (-120)
 The value you find here will have the
same digits in it, but will be multiplied by -1
8C
y = tanθ
1 1 4
recognise the graphs of sinθ,
cosθ and tanθ 3 3
θ
0
π π
+1
3π
+1
2π
You need to be able to work out 3 2
3 2
larger values of sin, cos and tan -1
as acute angles (0º - 90º)
 Write tan 4π/3 as tan of an

acute angle
 Draw a sketch of the graph
Tan /3 = Tan π/3
4π
 Mark on 4π
/3

an acute value of θ which has the same numerical value
as tan 4π/3
8C
You need to be able to find the exact
values of some Trigonometrical Ratios 60˚
2 2
Some values of Sin, Cos or Tan can be
written using fractions, surds, or
combinations of both… 60˚ 60˚
2
We can use an Equilateral Triangle with
sides of length 2 to show this.
Using Pythagoras, the missing side in

the right angled triangle is √3 (Square
root of 22-12) Hyp
2 30˚
√3 Opp
Opp 1
Sinθ = Hyp Sin30 = 2
60˚
√3
Sin60 = 2
1
Opp
8D
2 2
2

root of 22-12) Hyp
2 30˚
√3 Adj
Adj √3
Cosθ = Hyp Cos30 = 2
60˚
1
Cos60 = 2 1
Adj
8D
2 2
2

root of 22-12)
2 30˚
√3 Opp
Adj
Opp 1 √3
Tanθ = Adj Tan30 = √3 = 3
60˚
Tan60 = √3
1
Opp
Adj
8D
values of some Trigonometrical Ratios

written using fractions, surds, or Hyp
combinations of both…
√2
Opp
We can also do a similar demonstration 1
with a right-angled Isosceles triangle,
with the equal sides being of length 1
unit. 45˚
1
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, the
hypotenuse will be of length √2 (Square
root of 12 + 12)
Opp 1 = √2
Sinθ = Hyp Sin45 = √2 2
8D

written using fractions, surds, or Hyp
√2
We can also do a similar demonstration 1
unit. 45˚
1
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, the Adj
root of 12 + 12)
Adj 1 = √2
Cosθ = Hyp Cos45 = √2 2
8D

√2
We can also do a similar demonstration Opp 1
unit. 45˚
1
Using Pythagoras’ Theorem, the Adj
root of 12 + 12)
Opp 1 = 1
Tanθ = Adj Tan45 = 1
8D
y y = sinθ
transformations of graphs, and
0 θ
sketch them 90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
Transformation type 1 y
3
y  sin  y  a sin  y = 3sinθ
This stretches the graph vertically by

a factor ‘a’. 0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
Y values 3 times
y  3sin  as big -3
1 y = ½sinθ
y  sin  Y values halved y
2 0.5
0 θ
“Multiplying sinθ by a number will 90º 180º 270º 360º
-0.5
affect the y value directly”
8F
y y = sinθ
transformations of graphs, and sketch
0 θ
them 90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
Transformation type 1
y  sin  y  a sin  y y = -sinθ

This stretches the graph vertically by a 1
factor ‘a’. θ
0
90º 180º 270º 360º
Reflection in the -1
y   sin  x axis
(all the y values will ‘swap sign’) y y = sin(-θ)
1
Reflection in the
y  sin( ) y axis 0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
(You get the same y values for the reversed x -1
value. -90 gives the result 90 would have)
8F
y y = cosθ
0 θ
them 90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
y  cos  y  a cos  y y = -cosθ

This stretches the graph vertically by a 1
factor ‘a’. θ
0
90º 180º 270º 360º
Reflection in the -1
y   cos  x axis
y y = cos(-θ)
1
Reflection in the
y  cos( ) y axis 0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
8F
y y = sinθ
them 0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
y y = sinθ + 1
y  sin  y  sin   a 1
This shifts the graph vertically ‘a’ units.
 It is important to note that the ‘a’ is 0 θ
added on AFTER doing ‘sinθ’ 90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
y  sin   1 Y values all increase

by 1 y
y = -2 + sinθ
-1
y  2  sin  Y values all decrease
by 2
“Adding an amount onto sinθ is a vertical -2 θ
shift”
-3
8F
y y = sinθ
transformations of graphs, and sketch them
0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
This shifts the graph horizontally ‘-a’ units. y 90

y  sin  ‘a’ is added
y tosin(   awe) work y = sin(θ + 90)
NOTE: The θ before
out the sine value… 1
0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
Y takes the same set of
y  sin(  90) values, for values of θ that y 30 y = sin(θ – 30)
are 90 less than before
“Adding/Subtracting an amount from the 1
Y takes the same set of
bracket is 
y  sin(  30) shift”values, for values of θ that
a horizontal
0 θ
are 30 more than before 90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
8F
y y = sinθ
them 0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
y y = sin2θ
y  sin  y  sin( a )
This stretches the graph horizontally by a 1
factor ‘1/a’
0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
Same set of Y values, for
y  sin(2 ) half the θ values
-1
  Same set of y values, for y y = sin(θ/3)

y  sin  
3 triple the θ values 1
“Multiplying or dividing θ in the bracket is a θ
0
horizontal stretch/squash” 270º 540º 810º 1080º
-1
8F
(90, 1.5)
y y = sinθ + k
You need to be able to answer 1
questions with unknowns in 0 θ
90º 180º 270º 360º
-1
The graph shows the Function:
f(x) = Sinθ + k
a) Write down the value of k

 0.5 (Graph 0.5 units higher)
b) What is the smallest positive value
of θ that gives a minimum point?
 270˚
c) What is the value of Sinθ at this
point?
 -0.5
8F
y y = cos(θ+k)
You need to be able to answer questions 1 y
with unknowns in 70º 250º
xº
0 θ
The graph shows the Function: -1
f(x) = Cos(θ + k)
a) Write down the value of k

f(x) = Cos(θ + k)
We know k
 20 (Graph moved 20 units left)
 f(x) = Cos(θ + 20)
f(x) = Cos(θ + 20) On the y
b) What is the value of θ at x? axis, θ = 0.
 x = 250˚
f(x) = Cos(20)
Work out
c) What are the coordinates of the the answer!
minimum? f(x) = 0.94 (2dp)
 (160, -1)
d) What is the value of Cosθ at y?
8F
Summary
• We have been reminded of the graphs
for sine, cosine and tan
• We have looked at finding equivalent

values on these graphs
• We have also looked at various graph

transformations

8 C2 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

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8 C2 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

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Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

• This chapter focuses on using graphs of

• We will be seeing how to work out values

• We are also going to look at

You need to be able to work out 0 θ

as acute angles (0º - 90º)

 Write cos (-120)º as cos of an

 Write tan 4π/3 as tan of an

 Using the fact that the graph has symmetry, find

Using Pythagoras, the missing side in

Using Pythagoras, the missing side in

Using Pythagoras, the missing side in

Some values of Sin, Cos or Tan can be

Some values of Sin, Cos or Tan can be

Some values of Sin, Cos or Tan can be

This stretches the graph vertically by

y  sin  y  a sin  y y = -sinθ

y  cos  y  a cos  y y = -cosθ

y  sin   1 Y values all increase

This shifts the graph horizontally ‘-a’ units. y 90

  Same set of y values, for y y = sin(θ/3)

a) Write down the value of k

The graph shows the Function: -1

a) Write down the value of k

• We have looked at finding equivalent

• We have also looked at various graph

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