OBJECTIVES:

•SELECT RELEVANT LITERATURE

•CITE RELATED LITERATURE USING STANDARD STYLE
 RELATED LITERATURE IS IMPORTANT EARLY IN THE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS BECAUSE:
1. The literature review demonstrates the underlying
assumptions (propositions) behind the research questions that
are central to the research proposal.
2. The literature review provides a way for the novice researcher
to convince the proposal reviewers that he or she is
knowledgeable about the related research and the
“intellectual traditions” that support the proposed study.
 RELATED LITERATURE IS IMPORTANT EARLY IN THE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS BECAUSE:
3. The literature review provides the researcher with an
opportunity to identify any gaps that may exist in the body of
literature and to provide a rationale for how the proposed study
may contribute to the existing body of knowledge.
4. The literature review helps the researcher to refine the
research questions and embed them in guiding hypotheses
that provide possible directions the researcher may follow.
 RELATED LITERATURE IS IMPORTANT EARLY IN THE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROCESS BECAUSE:
5. The literature review helps the researcher to refine the
research questions and embed them in guiding hypotheses
that provide possible directions the researcher may follow.
TIPS ON HOW TO SELECT MATERIALS:

1. The material should be relevant or

related to the topic or problem that
you are studying.
TIPS ON HOW TO SELECT MATERIALS:
2. The material should be recent as
much as possible. However, old
materials that are pioneer in the
topic may sometimes be included.
TIPS ON HOW TO SELECT MATERIALS:
3. Gather materials from varied
sources such as previous studies,
journals, books, monograph and
even magazines.
Avilla (2009) found out that learning theories such as constructivism,
experiential learning or learning by doing, and cognitive theory of learning are
embedded in the student’s images on chemistry. Valderama (2006) said that
drawings have been utilized extensively by psychologists for a range of
purposes such as assessing children’s motor and cognitive development,
examining the content of children’s drawings in relation to culture content, and
helping children deal with social and emotional trauma such as abuse. These
drawings are considered to be the students’ images. They are images of action.
These views represent what students say about what they do (Ryder, Leach and
Driver, 1997)
APA CITATION STYLE
•Stands for American Psychological Association
•The last name of the author and the date of publication of the
work must appear in the text (Avilla, 2009)
•Complete bibliographic information should appear on the
“Reference List” page.
•Used only if you are directly quoting the material, or making
reference to an entire article or work.