SCIENCE 8

FORCE,MOTION and
ENERGY

QUARTER 1-WEEK 1 Prepared by:

Ms. April R. Umandap

Investigate the relationship between

the amount of force applied and the
mass of the object to the amount of
change in object’s motion
 Good
Afternoon
 Welcome
TO OUR SCIENCE
CLASS!
Our lesson is about
Newton’s Law of Motion
 Essential Objectives
1. Define Inertia.
2. Relate Inertia to Mass
3. Explain the Law of Inertia
4. Relate Inertia to stopping forces like friction
5. Cite situations where the law of Inertia applies
6. Show the effect of force and mass on acceleration
7. States Newton’s Second Law of Motion- The Law of
Acceleration
8. Solve problems involving the law of acceleration
9. States Newton’s Third Law of Motion- The Law of Action and
Reaction
 KEY CONCEPTS
FORCES: can produce changes in motion
There is change in motion when:
 An object at rest moves.
 An object in motion change in speed.
 An object in motion changes directions,and
 An object stops.
Forces of
equal size act
on a body but
in opposite
directions are
called
BALANCED
FORCES
Forces of
NOT equal
size and
opposite
directions are
called
BALANCED
FORCES
INERTIA: define as the tendency of an
object to maintain its initial state of motion.
Measure of Inertia:
MASS
The greater mass an object has the greater
its Inertia
WHICH OF THE TWO VEHICLE HAS THE
GREATER INERTIA?

TRUCK IS MORE MASSIVE THAN

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

LAW OF INERTIA

States that “ an object at rest will stay at rest or an

object in motion will stay in motion and travel in
straight line as long as no external net force acts on it.”
 Law of Inertia and
Friction
FRICTION:
 is a force that resist the motion of
materials when surfaces tend to
What is slide against each other.
example of  It cause by the irregularities in the
surface of an object.
External  It also varies in which the type of
force? materials to the interacting bodies.
This is the reason why object travel
far in the smooth surfaces than in a
rough surfaces
 1.STATIC FRICTION:
applies to cases where friction is
sufficient to prevent relative
motion
ex. between the surfaces.
You apply initial force in the box but
Kinds of the box didn’t move, you must apply
Friction greater force to overcome static
friction
 2. KINETIC FRICTION: present
when there is relative movement between
the surfaces in contact.
a. Rolling - occurs when one surface rotates
as it moves over another without sliding at the point
or area of contact

Kinds of
Friction b.Sliding: occurs when one is less than the
friction that builds up before the sliding takes place
 2. AIR FRICTION: acts on an
object that is falling.
Example:
The use of parachutes:
When air friction is greater than the
Kinds of gravitational force the object will no longer
Friction accelerated it will move at constant speed
 The Law of Inertia is the basis of
designing safety devices such as
headrests and seatbelts

Applicati
on of
Inertia
Newton’s Second Law Of
Motion
“LAW OF ACCELERATION”
 ɑ
 

LAW OF ACCELERATION
States that the acceleration of an
object is directly proportional to the net
force but inversely proportional to its
mass
ɑ˭ _Fn_ where:
m Fn= net force
m= mass
a= acceleration
 SAMPLE
PROBLEM
GIVEN REQUIR EQUATIO SOLUTIO ANSWER
ED N N
MASS: 25KG ɑ? ɑ=Fnet/m ɑ=75N/25kg ɑ=3m/s²
FORCE: 75N
 Newton’s Third Law Of
Motion
‘ THE LAW OF ACTION
AND REACTION
 Action - Reaction
• Newton’s first two laws of motion explain
how the motion of a single object changes.
• Newton’s third law describes something
else that happens when one object exerts a
force on another object.
• According to Newton’s third law of
motion, forces always act in equal but
opposite pairs.
 Action - Reaction
• The forces exerted by two objects on
each other are often called an action-
reaction force pair.
• Either force can be considered the
action force or the reaction force.
• Action and reaction force pairs don’t
cancel because they act on different
 Action - Reaction
• Newton’s Third Law of Motion
states: for every action, there is
an equal but opposite reaction.
• This means that when you push on
a wall, the wall pushes back on
you with a force equal in strength
to the force you exerted
 Action - Reaction
• You constantly use
action-reaction force
pairs as you move
about.
• When you jump, you
push down on the
ground.
• The ground then pushes
up on you. It is this
 Action - Reaction
• When the rocket fuel
is ignited, a hot gas is
produced.
• As the gas molecules
collide with the inside
engine walls, the walls
exert a force that
pushes them out of the
bottom of the engine.
 Action - Reaction
• This downward push is the action force.

• The reaction force is the upward push

on the rocket engine by the gas
molecules.
• This is the thrust that propels the rocket
upward.
Action - Reaction
 GOODLUCK!!!
You may now
answer the
exercises in your
module.
LEARNING