Chapter 4

FLOOR SYSTEMS
( Building construction I )
Marwa Hassoun
 4.02 Floor systems
floor systems are the horizontal planes that
must support both:
Live loads : People , Furniture , movable
equipements
Dead looads: The weight of the floor
construction itself

Floor system must transfer their

loads horizontally across space to
either columns or to loadbearing
walls.
 4.03 Floor systems
Floor systems have 3 structural types:
Concrete:
 Cast inside or cast in place concrete floor slab or
classified according to their span.
 Precast may be supported by beams or loadbearing
walls.
Steel:
 Steel beams support steel decking or precast
concrete planks.
 Steal decking or wood planks have relatively short
span.

Wood:
 Wood beams support structural planking or decking.
 Beams may be supported by girders, posts and loadbearing walls.
 4.04 Concrete Beams
reinforced concrete beams are designed to act SLAB

together with longitudinal and web reinforcement in

resisting applied forces. cast in place concrete beams
DROP BEAMS
are almost always formed and placed along with the
slab they support. Because a portion of the slab acts as
an integral part of the beam.
 4.05 Concrete Slabs
 concrete slabs are plate structure that are reinforces to
span either one or both directions of a structural bay.
consult a structural engineer and the building code for
the required size, and placement of all reinforcement.
 One-way Slab:
 A one way slab is uniformly thick, reinforced in one
direction, and cast integrally with parallel Supporting
 beams
One way joist slab:
 A joist or ribbed slab is integrally with a series of
closely spaced joists, which in turn are supported by a
parallel set of beams. Designed as a series of T-
beams, joist slab are more suitable for longer spans
and heavier loads than one way slabs.
 4.06 Concrete Slabs
 Two way slab and beam
A two way slab of uniform thickness may be reinforced in
two direction and cast integrally with supporting beams
and columns on all four sides of square or nearly square
bays. Two way slab and beam construction is effective for
medium spans and heavy loads , or when a high
resistance to lateral forces is required.
 Two way waffle slab
A waffle slab is a two way concrete slab reinforces by ribs
in two directions .waffle slabs are able to carry heavier
loads and span longer distances than flat slabs.
 4.07 Concrete Slabs
 Two way flat plate
A flat plate is a concrete slab of uniform thickness
reinforced in two or more directions and supported
directly by columns without beams or girders.
Examples: apartment or hotels.

 Two way flat slab

A flat slab is a flat plate thickened supports to
increase its shear strength and moment
resisting capacity
 4.08/09 Prestressed Concrete
prestressed concrete is reinforced by pretensioning
or posttensioning high strength steel tendons within
their elastic limit to actively resist a service load.

There are 2 types of pretension technique:

Pretensioning
Pretensioning prestresses a
concrete member by
stretching the reinforcing
tendons before the
concrete is cast
Posttensioning
Posttensioning is the
prestressing of a concrete
member by tensioning the
reinforcing tendons after
the concrete is cast.
 4.11 precast concrete floor systems
precast concrete slabs, beams, and structural
tees are one way spanning units that may be
supported by sitecast concrete, precast concrete
or masonry bearing walls, or by steel sitecast
concrete, or precast concrete frames.
 4.12 Precast concrete units

• Solid flat slabs (3.6 to 7m) span

range Double tees (9 to 30m) span range

Hollow core slabs (3.6 to 12m) span range

Rectangular L-shaped Inverted tee

beams beams beams
Single tees (9 to 36m) span range
(4.5 to 22m) span range
 4.13 Precast concrete connections

Precast structural tees

Precast slabs

Precast slabs Precast beams

 4.14 Structural Steel Framing
structural steel girders, beams, and columns are used
to construct a skeleton frame for structures ranging in
size from one story building to skyscrapers. Steel framing

One-way beam system two-way beam system triple beam system

4.16 Steel Beams
4 types of steel beams:

plate girders or built up from plates or shapes

that are welded or riveted together
 4.17 Steel Beam Connection
there are many ways in which steel connections
can be made , using different types of connectors
and various combinations of bolts and welds.
 A seated connections is a shear resisting steal.
 A seated connections may be stiffened to resist large
beam reactions
 4.19 Open-web Steel Joists

span ranges for open web joists:

•K series 4 to 18 m JOISTS
•LH series 8 to 18m
•DLH series up to 44m
 4.22 Metal Decking
metal decking is corrugated to increase its stiffness and spanning
capability.
Form decking: form decking serves as
permanent formwork for a reinforced
concrete slab until the slab can
support itself and its live load. Span:
a- 45.5 to 91.5 b- 91.5 to 152.5 c-
152.5 to 366
Composite decking: composite
decking serves as tensile
reinforcement for the concrete
slab to which it is bonded with
embossed rib patterns. Span :
a- 12.2 to 24.4 b-24.4 to 36.6
c-24.4 to 45.7
Cellular decking: cellular
decking is manufactured
by welding a corrugated
sheet to a flat steel sheet
span : a- 18.3 to 36.6 b-
18.3 to 36.6 c-30.5 to
48.75
4.23 Light-Gauge steel joists

 light gauge steel joists are

manufactured by cold-forming
sheet or strip steed.
 Span ranges for light gauge steel
joists:
 from 30 to 79
4.24 Light-Gauge steel joists Framing

Floor projection and

openings

Interior bearing exterior bearing

 4.26 Wood Joists
• wood joists are an essential subsystem of
wood light frame construction.
span ranges for wood joists span
1.Span up to 3.5 m
2.Span 24.4 to 36.6
3. Span 36.6 to 45.85
 4.28 Wood Joists
 Platform framing
 Balloon framing
 Beam pocket
 Wood beam
 Steel beam
 Nonbearing partition
 Bearing partition
 Floor projection
 Floor opening
 4.33 Prefabricated Joists & Trusses
prefabricated, pre-engineered wood joists and
trusses are increasingly used in the place of
dimension lumber to frame floors because
they are generally lighter and more
dimensionally stable than sawn lumber, are
manufactured in greater depths and length,
and can span longer distances.

 Spans 6 to 18 m
 Spans 12 to 18 m
 Spans12 to 24 m
 Spans 12 to 24 m
 Spans 18 to 30 m
 4.34 Prefabricated Joists & Trusses
Joist: Top chord bearing interior
 Exterior
 interior

Bottom chord bearing :

 Interior
 overhang
 4.35 Wood Beams

Solid sawn lumber: In the selection of a wood beam the following should be considered:
Lumber species, structural grade, modulus of elasticity, allowable bending and shear stress
values, and the minimum deflection permitted for the intended use.
 Glue-laminated timber: The  Parallel strand lumber: Parallel  Laminated veneer
advantages of glued laminated stand lumber is a proprietary lumber: Laminated
timber over dimension lumber are product marketed under the veneer lumber marketed
generally higher allowable unit trademark parallel, used as under various brand
stresses, improved appearance, beams and columns in post names, such as Microlam,
and availability of various and beam construction and for and used as headers and
sectional shapes beams, headers, and Intel in beams or as flanges for
light frame construction. prefabricated wood joists.
 4.36 Wood Beams Support

 Masonry or concrete wall support

 Foundation wall support
 Girder support
 Steel splice connector
 Mortise splice
 4.37 Wood Post-Beam Connection
the size and number of bolts required at a connection
depend on the thickness of the member, this species of
wood, the magnitude and direction of the load relative
to the grain of the wood and the use of metal
connectors.

 Exposed column cap

 Exposed t- strap
 Continuous post
 Continuous beam
 Spaced post
 Concealed connection
 Interlocking connection .
 Wood studs
4.38 Wood Plank-And-Beam Framing
in the plank-and- beam framing system the
supporting grid of beams should be Carefully
integrated with the required placement of interior
partition for both structural and visual reasons.

 Wood decking
 Plywood
 Stressed-skin panel
 4.40 Wood Decking
Type of wood decking
Type of spans

solid

Simple spans Double span

laminated Continuous span
Surface patterns for exposed ceiling :

Span range: (18,30 to 60,95)

Chanel groove Plain or molded spline striated