The effects of Cigarette Smoking towards

their mental and body health among

Senior High School Students in Samar
College

Researchers:
Donald Jim C. Cinco
Mariel Ann S. Lauzon
Bernadeth C. Mabaga
Eloisa L. Panican
 Chapter 1
Inroduction
Cigarette smoking is the single biggest contributor
to death and morbidity worldwide. Smoking rates
are significantly higher in anxiety-disordered
populations and numerous studies support a
relationship between cigarette smoking and
psychiatric disorders. Three non-mutually exclusive
models may explain the smoking–anxiety
association. First, smoking may lead to increased
anxiety; second, anxiety may increase smoking
rates; or third, smoking and anxiety rates may both
be influenced by shared vulnerability factors (Gellert
et al., 2012).
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the profile of student-respondents in terms of the following:

1.1 age and sex;

1.2 grade level;
1.3 parents’ highest educational attainment;
1.4 parents’ occupation
1.5 gross monthly family income; and
1.6 attitude toward cigarette smoking?

2. what is the effects of cigarette smoking toward student-respondents mental health

along the following areas:

2.1smoking and stress;

2.2 smoking and anxiety;
2.3 smoking and depression; and
2.4 smoking and schizophrenia?

3. what is the effects of cigarette smoking toward student-respondents mental health along
the following areas:
3.1 lung damage;
3.2 heart disease; and
3.3 fertility problems?
Statement of the Problem
4. Is there a significant relationship between the student-
respondents variates from the effects of cigarette smoking on this
following areas:

4.1 body health; and

4.2 mental health

5. What implications may be derived based on the findings of the

study?

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the student-

respondents’ variates from the effects of cigarette smoking on
this following areas: body health; and mental health.
Conceptual Framework
 Chapter 3
Methodology
  
Frequency and percentage Distribution.
%= f / N x 100
Where:
% = Percent
f= frequency
N = number of sample size
Mean.
x=N

X = mean
f= frequency of each class
x = mid-interval value of each class
N = total frequency
= sum of the products of mid interval
 Chapter 3
Methodology
 
Standard Deviation.
S=
Where:
S = Standard Deviation of a sample
Σ = means “sum of”
f = frequency
X = each value in the data set
X = mean of all value in the data set
N = Number of values in the data set

Pearson Product Moment of Correlation Coeffecient (Pearson-r).

where:
rxy = the computed statistical value
Xi = the independent variable (factors)
Yi = the predicted variable
n = number of cases
∑ = the summation notation
 Chapter 3
Methodology
 
Fisher’s T-test.

Where:
t – Fisher’s t-value
r – correlation
N – total number of cases
 Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
 Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
 Chapter 5
Summary of findings, conclusions, and
recommendations
Summary of findings

1. On the age and sex of the Student-respondents most of them are male 176 or 63
percent out of 281 total respondents, while 105 or 37 percent out of 281 total
respondents were female.

2. On the Grade level of the student-respondents, most of them are grade 11 with a
frequency of 207 or 73.67 percent followed grade 12 with a frequency of 74 or 26.33
percent.

3. on the father educational attainment of the student-respondents, mostly the

educational attainment of them are College Level with a frequency of 127 or 45.20
percent followed by High school graduate with a frequency of 46 or 16.37 percent.

4. On the mother educational attainment of the student-respondents, mostly the

educational attainment of them are College Level with a frequency of 123 or 43.77
percent followed by High school level with a frequency of 46 or 16.37 percent.

5. on the father occupation of the student-respondents, most of them are government

employee with a frequency of 75 or 26.69 percent, followed by Agriculture-Related (Farmer)
with a frequency of 48 or 17.08 percent.
 Chapter 5
Summary of findings, conclusions, and
recommendations
6. On the mother occupation of the student-respondents, most of them are
housekeeper with a frequency of 77 or 27.40 percent, followed by teacher
with a frequency of 59 or 21.00 percent.

7.On the monthly family income of student-respondents. As gleaned from

the result, most of the respondents’ monthly family income ranged from
below BelowPhp 5,000.00 with 98 or 34.88 percent.

8. on the attitude towards the Cigarette Smoking. It is reflected in the result

that all statements rated within the range 1.51 to 2.50 interpreted as
“Rarely”.

9. . on the effects of cigarette smoking toward student mental health on

smoking and stress. It is reflected in the result that all statements rated
within the range 2.51 to 3.50 interpreted as “Sometimes”.

10. on the effects of cigarette smoking toward student mental health on

smoking and anxiety. It is reflected in the result that all statements rated
within the range 2.51 to 3.50 interpreted as “Sometimes”.
 Conclusions
1. It is revealed that most of the respondents are males with one hundred
seventy six or six percent out of two hundred eighty-one respondents.
Furthermore, the oldest respondents with the age ranged from nineteen to
twenty years old and above with no male respondents.

2. Most of the student-respondent are grade eleven with seventy-three point

sixty seven percent.

3. The study reveals that most of the parents educational attainment both
the father and mother of the students’ respondents are in college level.

4. The occupation of the fathers of the student-respondents are government

employees while the mothers’ occupation noted to be housekeepers.

5. Most of the respondents’ monthly family income is above six thousand

pesos with ninety-eight or thirty-four point eighty-eight.
 Conclusions
6. The attitudes of the respondents towards cigarette smoking pegged with a
good mean of two point fifty-three interpreted as “sometimes”.

7. As perceived by the student-respondents, the effect of cigarette smoking

towards health and stress posted with a grand mean of three point fifty-three
interpreted as “sometimes”.

8. As perceived by the student-respondents, cigarette smoking has an effect

on the lungs that may cause damage, with a grand mean posted at four point
zero two interpreted as “often’.

9. As perceived, cigarette smoking has an effect toward student body on

heart disease and fertility problems with a grand mean of four point zero two
and three point ninety-nine 3.99 respectively interpreted as “often”.

10. The hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship

between the student-respondents effects of cigarette smoking on body health
and mental health and their profile variates” is accepted; except for the
profile variates on educational attainment where the hypothesis is rejected.