1.

Apa yang anda ketahui tentang studi jam-henti

2. Apakah penyesuaian ? Sebutkan metode yang
digunakan.
3. Apakah kelonggaran itu ?
4. Apakah waktu siklus, waktu normal dan waktu
baku ?
5. Bagaimana mencari waktu normal dan waktu
baku ?
Sampling Kerja
Seorang mahasiswa ingin mengetahui seberapa
banyak waktu yang ia gunakan untuk aktivitas
sehari-hari sehingga bisa mengalokasikan
waktu dengan bijaksana.
Ia minta tolong temannya untuk mengamati apa
yang ia lakukan…..
• Misalnya :
– 100 kunjungan
– 75 kali tidak ada di kos
– Maka, 75% dari waktu tidak dihabiskan di kos-an
• Karena dalam sebuah studi tidak bisa mengira-
ira, diperlukan teknik tertentu yang secara
statistik dikenal sebagai sampling menduga
perbandingan populasi atau sampling for
estimating population proportion
Work Sampling
 Work Sampling
o Developed in England in the 1930s
by Leonard Tippet

o Estimates the percentage of time

that a worker spends on various
tasks.

o Random observations are used to

record employee activity.

o The only technique available for

measuring and evaluating non-
The Most Used
repetitive jobs.
Technique in the
Service Sector
Leonard Henry Caleb Tippett
1902 - 1985

English physicist and statistician

who used what he called a
“snap reading method” to obtain,
at random time intervals, observations
of textile machine operators for
the purpose of estimating the
percentage of time spent on their
duties.
L.H.C. Tippett
Leonard Henry Caleb Tippett
1902 - 1985

 Awarded the Walter Shewart Medal of the American Society

for Quality Control

 Awarded the Warner Medal of the Textile Institute for improving

the production efficiency and operative utilization of the textile
industry

 Educated at Imperial College, and University College, London

 President of the Royal Statistical Society, 1965

 Shirley Institute, Manchester, England, 1925-1965

Work Sampling Applications

 Establishing labor and production standards.

 Discovering how employees allocate their time

for both work and non-work activity.

 Providing the basis for staffing changes, job

training, reassignments of duties, hiring, and
termination.
 Work Sampling In Action

The firm then plans

The mail order cataloger
to hire more
Land’s End expects its
representatives
call center representatives
to restore the desired
to be busy 85% of the time
level of service

When the “busy” ratio hits

90% , the firm believes it is
not attaining its set goal
of high quality service
 EXPECT TO
Work Sampling SEE THIS
AND
MORE !

SIX RANDOM VISITS TO JOE’S OFFICE

JOE
Monday 10:30 am Flying paper airplanes
Wednesday 2:20 pm Watching TV
Thursday 9:45 am Reading Sports Page
Thursday 1:25 pm Buying Cruise Tickets On-Line
Friday 2:30 pm Doing Homework for Night School
Friday 4:30 pm Left Early

BOSS
 Kegunaan work sampling ?
• Distribusi pemakaian waktu
• Mengetahui tingkat pemanfaatan mesin-
mesin atau alat-alat pabrik
• Untuk menentukan waktu baku bagi pekerja
• Untuk menentukan kelonggaran bagi suatu
pekerjaan
 Langkah
• Tujuan pengukuran ?
• Kalau menghitung waktu baku, maka lakukan
pengukuran pendahuluan untuk menentukan
sistem kerja yang terbaik
• Memilih operator yang terbaik
• Kalau perlu dilakukan pelatihan bagi operator
• Melakukan pemisahan kegiatan
• Menyiapkan kebutuhan alat untuk pengukuran
Pemisahan kegiatan untuk sampling kerja

• Bisa berdasar kegiatan yang produktif dan non-

produktif
• Bisa pula :

• Kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut harus “mutually exclusive”

Melakukan sampling pendahuluan
Pengujian Keseragaman Data
 Cara menentukan waktu secara acak

• 1 satuan waktu panjangnya 5 menit

• Satu hari kerja adalah 7 jam (84 satuan waktu)
• Jumlah kunjungan perhari tidak lebih dari 84
kali
• Jika dalam satu hari akan dilakukan 36 kali
kunjungan maka dengan tabel acak ditentukan
waktu kunjungan
08.00 11.15 12.00-13.00 14.25 16.00

8 jam dgn 1 jam istirahat = 7 jam

Work sampling untuk menghitung
kelonggaran
 Work Sampling
ADVANTAGES

• LESS EXPENSIVE

• NO TIMING DEVICES

• LITTLE TRAINING NEEDED

• STUDY CAN BE DELAYED

TEMPORARILY WITH LITTLE IMPACT
ON THE RESULTS

• WORKER HAS LITTLE CHANCE OF

AFFECTING THE OUTCOME

• LESS LIKELY TO GENERATE

EMPLOYEE OBJECTIONS
Work Sampling
DISADVANTAGES

• IT DOES NOT DIVIDE WORK

ELEMENTS (THERBLIGS) AS
THOROUGHLY AS FORMAL TIME
STUDIES

• IT CAN YIELD INCORRECT / BIASED

RESULTS IF THE OBSERVER DOES
NOT CONFORM TO RANDOM
ROUTES OF TRAVEL AND RANDOM
OBSERVATION

• IT TENDS TO BE LESS ACCURATE

WHEN CYCLE TIMES ARE SHORT
 Exercise
A Factory manager wants to calculate standard time using work sampling
technique. He determines that in one day there should be 10 observations. If the
factory working hour is from 8 am till 4 pm in the afternoon and one hour of
recess from 12 till 1 pm, find visiting times using random number table below.

35 86 40 95 45 64 99 36 88 90
70 98 22 91 94 8 96 97 2 13

Determine visiting times

 Exercise 2
Number of observations 520
Total productive 364
Human controlled activity 273
Machine controlled 91
Productive percentage A
Human controlled percentage B
Machine controlled C
Observation in minutes 4030
Productive in minutes D
Product produced during observation 310
Time needed per unit E
Time controlled by human per unit F
Time controlled per unit G
Rating factore 115%
Normal Time H
Allowance 25%
Standard time I