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0sampling Theory
0sampling Theory
Dr. T. T. Kachwala
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Population Characteristics
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Sampling Method
only a part of the population is studied and the conclusions are drawn on
that basis for the entire population.
A sample is not studied for its own sake. The basic objective of its study
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Characteristics of Population & Sample
Mathematically, we can describe the characteristics of samples and populations
by using measures such as mean, standard deviation and proportion of success.
When these terms describe the characteristics of a sample, they are called
statistics. When they describe the characteristics of a population, they are called
parameters. i.e. A statistic is a characteristic of a sample & A parameter is a
characteristic of a population. In both the cases the study objective is the same
i.e. to predict the value of the population parameter ( or or p).
We use the following symbol to differentiate population characteristic and
sample characteristic :
Parameters (Population) Statistics (Sample)
Population size = N Sample size = n
Population mean = Sample mean = X bar
Population S.D = Sample S.D = s
Population proportion of success = p Sample proportion of success = p bar
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Principles of Sampling
There are two important principles on which the theory of sampling is based:
i. Principle of Statistical Regularity
ii. Principle of Inertia of Large Numbers
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Selection of Random Sample
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Methods of Sampling
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Methods of Sampling
Dr. T. T. Kachwala
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