INDIVIDUAL

CHARACTER
ISITICS
Bautista, Jamille V. * Bautista,
3
Shanel
Individual Differences
- Personal attributes that vary from one person to another
Basic Categories of Individual Differences:
*Personality
*Intelligences
*Learning Styles
*Attitudes
*Values and Emotions
*Perception and Stress
The Concept of Fit
“It is not enough that we are good at
our job, we also need to FIT with our
organization and workgroup as well.”
Dimensions of Fit
• Person-Job Fit
• Person-Group Fit
• Person-Organization Fit
• Person-Vocation Fit
Realistic Job Previews
(RJP’s)
- involve the presentation of both positive and potentially
negative information to job candidates
Personality and Individual
Behavior
Personality
- the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that
distinguish one from another
Big 5 Personality Traits
1. Agreeableness
2. Conscientiousness
3. Neuroticism
4. Extroversion
5. Openness
The Myers-Briggs
Framework - is a popular framework that
some people use to characterize personality.

The MBTI uses four (4) scales with opposite poles to assess
four (4) sets of preferences.
1. Extroversion (E) / Introversion (I)
2. Sensing (S) / Intuition (I)
3. Thinking (T) / Feeling (F)
Other Important Personality
Traits Locus of Control is the extent to which one
believes one’s circumstances are a function of either Internal
or External factors.
Self-efficacy is a person’s confidence in his ability to organize
and execute the courses of action needed to accomplish the
task.
General Self-efficacy reflects a generalized belief that we will be
successful at whatever challenges or tasks we might face.
Other Important Personality
Traits Self-esteem refers to our feelings of self-
worth and our liking and disliking of ourselves.

Authoritarianism is the extent to which a person

believes that power and status are appropriate within
hierarchical social systems
Machaivellianism
• A trait causing a person to behave in ways to gain
power and control the behavior of others

Example:
• only focused on their own ambition and interests
• prioritize money and power over relationships
Tolerance For Risk
• Also called risk propensity,
• The degree to which a person is comfortable with risk and
willing to take chances and make risky decisions.

Tolerance For
Ambiguity
Reflects the tendency to view ambiguous situations
as either threatening or desirable
Type A Personality
• Impatient,
competitive,
ambitious, and
upright

Type B Personality
 More relaxed and
easygoing and less
overtly
competitive than
Type A
 Bullying Personality
• Workplace bullying is a repeated mistreatment of another employee through
verbal abuse; conduct that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating; or sabotage
that interferes with the other person's work
Examples include:
• Spreading malicious rumors, gossip, or innuendo.
• Excluding or isolating someone socially.
• Intimidating a person.
• Undermining or deliberately impeding a person's work.
• Removing areas of responsibilities without cause.
• Establishing impossible deadlines that will set up the individual to fail
Bullying affects the overall "health" of an organization.
An "unhealthy" workplace can have many effects. In
general these include
• Increased absenteeism.
• Increased turnover.
• Increased stress.
• Decreased productivity and motivation.
• Decreased morale.
• Poor customer service
Role Of Situation
• The relationship between personality and behavior changes
depending on the strength of the situation that we are in.

Intelligence
• The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. The
capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning,
emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical
thinking, and problem solving.
General Mental Ability
• General mental ability is the capacity to rapidly and fluidly
acquire process, and apply information.

Information Processing Capacity

Involves the manner in which individual process and
organize information.
Mental Ability Test
Multiple Intelligences
• Suggest that there Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
are a number of
distinct forms of Linguistic Words and Languages

intelligences that Logical-Mathematical Logic and Numbers

each individual Musical Music, rhymes, and sound

possesses in Bodily-Kinesthetic Body movement and control

varying degrees Spatial-Visual Images and space

Interpersonal Other people’s feelings

Intrapersonal Self-awareness
 Emotional Intelligences
• Interpersonal capability that includes the ability to
perceive and express emotions, to understand and
use, and to manage emotions in one self and other
people.
5 Dimensions Of Emotional
Intelligences
• Three personal competencies
• Self-awareness: being aware of what you are feeling
• Self-motivation: persisting in the face of obstacles, setbacks and
failures
• Self-management: managing your own emotions and impulses

• Two social competencies

• Empathy: sensing how others are feeling
• Social Skills: effectively handling the emotions of others
Matching Intelligences Types With Career Choices
Learning Styles
• Refers to individual differences and preferences in how
we process information when problem solving, learning,
or engaging in similar activities
 3 Most Popular Approaches To
Learning Style
SENSORY MODALITIES
Is a system that interacts with the environment through on
of the basic senses. The most important sensory modalities
are:
Visual: leaning by seeing
Auditory: learning by hearing
Tactile: learning by touching
Kinesthetic: learning by doing
  LEARNING STYLE INVENTORY
A second approach to understanding learning styles, the Kolb
Learning Style Inventory. According to David Kolb, the four basic
learning modes are active experimentation, reflective observation,
concrete experiences, and abstract conceptualization.
• Convergers: (doing and thinking) People with converging learning
style can solve problems and will use their learning to find solutions to
practical issues.
• Divergers: (feeling and watching) People with style tend to organize
concrete situations from different perspective and structure their
relationships into meaningful whole.
• Assimilators: (watching and thinking) These individual tend to be
more concerned about abstract concepts and ideas than about people.
• Accommodators: (doing and feeling) Rely mainly on active
experimentation and concrete experience, and focus on risk taking,
opportunity seeking, and action.
  LEARNING STYLE ORIENTATION
• Finally, Annette Towler and Robert Diphoye developed a learning
style orientation measures to address some of the limitations of the
Kolb inventory and identify key styles and preferences for learning.
They identified five key factors.
 FIVE KEY FACTORS
• Discovery Learning: an inclination for exploration during
learning.
• Experimental Learning: a desire for hands-on approaches to
instruction.
• Observational Learning: a preference for external stimuli such as
demonstrations and diagrams to help facilitate learning.
• Structured Learning: a preference for processing strategies such
as taking notes, writing down task and so forth.
• Group Learning: a preference to work with others while learning.