MACHAIVELLIANISM

Machiavellians are strategic individuals who are willing to lie, cheat, and deceive, others in
order to achieve their goals. Due to the Machiavellian’s lack of emotional attachment, and
shallow experience of emotions, there may be little that holds these individuals back from
harming others in order to achieve their goals. 
 only focused on their own ambition and interests
 prioritize money and power over relationships
 exploit and manipulate others to get ahead
 lie and deceive when required

TOLERANCE FOR RISK

Tolerance for Risk is a trait characterized by an increased probability of engaging in
behaviors that have some potential danger or harm but also provide an opportunity for some
benefit.

TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY

Reflects the tendency to view ambiguous situations as either threatening or desirable.
Intolerance for ambiguity reflects a tendency to perceive or interpret vague, incomplete, or
fragmented information or information with multiple, inconsistent, or contradictory meanings
as an actual or potential source of psychological discomfort threats.

TYPE A PERSONALITY
Characterized by excessive ambition, aggression, competitiveness, drive,
impatience, need for control, focus on quantity over quality and unrealistic sense of urgency. It
is commonly associated with risk of coronary disease and other stress-related ailments. 

TYPE B PERSONALITY
Characterized by moderate ambition and drive, accommodating attitude, cooperativeness,
focus on quality over quantity and, in general, an easy going approach to life.

BULLYING PERSONALITY
Workplace bullying is a repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse;
conduct that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating; or sabotage that interferes with the
other person's work.
Examples include:

 Spreading malicious rumors, gossip, or innuendo.

 Excluding or isolating someone socially.
  Intimidating a person.
 Undermining or deliberately impeding a person's work.
 Removing areas of responsibilities without cause.
 Establishing impossible deadlines that will set up the individual to fail

Bullying affects the overall "health" of an organization. An "unhealthy" workplace can have
many effects. In general these include

 Increased absenteeism.
 Increased turnover.
 Increased stress.
 Decreased productivity and motivation.
 Decreased morale.
 Poor customer service

ROLE OF SITUATION
The relationship between personality and behavior changes depending on the strength
of the situation that we are in.

INTELLIGENCE
The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. The capacity for logic,
understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity,
critical thinking, and problem solving.

GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY

General mental ability is the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire process, and apply
information. It involves reasoning, remembering, understanding, and problem solving. It is
associated with the increased ability to acquire process, and synthesize information and has
been defined simply as the “ability to learn."

INFORMATION PROCESSING CAPACITY

Involves the manner in which individual process and organize information. Information
processing capacity also helps explain differences between experts and novices on task learning
and performance, as experts process and organize information more efficiently and accurately
than novices. It is the acquisition, recording, organizing, retrieval, display and dissemination of
information.
MENTAL ABILITY TEST

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Multiple intelligences refers to a theory describing the different ways individual learn
and acquire information. These multiple intelligences range from the use of words, numbers,
pictures and music, to the importance of social interactions, introspection, physical movement
and being in tune with nature.

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic Words and Languages
Logical-Mathematical Logic and Numbers
Musical Music, rhymes, and sound
Bodily-Kinesthetic Body movement and control
Spatial-Visual Images and space
Interpersonal Other people’s feelings
Intrapersonal Self-awareness
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCES
Interpersonal capability that includes the ability to perceive and express emotions, to
understand and use, and to manage emotions in one self and other people.

5 DIMENSIONS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCES

 Three personal competencies

 Self-awareness: being aware of what you are feeling
 Self-motivation: persisting in the face of obstacles, setbacks and failures
 Self-management: managing your own emotions and impulses

 Two social competencies

 Empathy: sensing how others are feeling
 Social Skills: effectively handling the emotions of others

MATCHING INTELLIGENCES TYPES WITH CAREER CHOICES

LEARNING STYLES
 Refers to individual differences and preferences in how we process information when
problem solving, learning, or engaging in similar activities. Learning styles are the different
ways people interpret, organize and represent information

3 MOST POPULAR APPROACHES TO LEARNING STYLE

SENSORY MODALITIES
Is a system that interacts with the environment through on of the basic senses. The
most important sensory modalities are:
 Visual: leaning by seeing
 Auditory: learning by hearing
 Tactile: learning by touching
 Kinesthetic: learning by doing

LEARNING STYLE INVENTORY

A second approach to understanding learning styles, the Kolb Learning Style Inventory.
According to David Kolb, the four basic learning modes are active experimentation, reflective
observation, concrete experiences, and abstract conceptualization.
 Convergers: (doing and thinking) People with converging learning style can solve
problems and will use their learning to find solutions to practical issues.
 Divergers: (feeling and watching) People with style tend to organize concrete situations
from different perspective and structure their relationships into meaningful whole.
 Assimilators: (watching and thinking) These individual tend to be more concerned
about abstract concepts and ideas than about people.
 Accommodators: (doing and feeling) Rely mainly on active experimentation and
concrete experience, and focus on risk taking, opportunity seeking, and action.

LEARNING STYLE ORIENTATION

Finally, Annette Towler and Robert Diphoye developed a learning style orientation
measures to address some of the limitations of the Kolb inventory and identify key styles and
preferences for learning. They identified five key factors.
1. Discovery Learning: an inclination for exploration during learning.
2. Experimental Learning: a desire for hands-on approaches to instruction.
3. Observational Learning: a preference for external stimuli such as demonstrations and
diagrams to help facilitate learning.
4. Structured Learning: a preference for processing strategies such as taking notes, writing
down task and so forth.
5. Group Learning: a preference to work with others while learning.