Fluids in Motion

Includes equation of continuity

(mass flow rate) and Bernoulli’s
equation
Fluids in Motion: ideas for
an “ideal fluid”
 Ideal Fluid….
 Nonviscous: no friction between adjacent
layers
 Incompressible: density is constant
 Motion is steady: velocity, density, pressure
at a given point don’t change
 Moves without turbulence
Fluids in Motion:
“continuity”
 Equation of continuity
 A1v1 = A2v2 where A = cross-sectional area
and v = fluid velocity.
 This just means that the amount of fluid
moving in any “section of pipe” must remain
constant.
 Av = volumetric flow = m3/sec
Fluid Continuity
Fluids in motion:
Bernoulli’s equation
 As a fluid moves along if it changes
speed or elevation then the pressure
changes and vice versa.
 Bernoulli’s equation is really just
conservation of energy for the fluid
Fluids in motion

 Bernoulli’s equation.
 P + ½ ρv2 + ρgh = constant
 Bernoulli’s equation shows that as the
velocity of a fluid speeds up it’s pressure
goes down…..this idea used in airplane
wings and frisbees (difference in pressure
leads to upward force we call Lift)
Bernoulli’s Equation

 Faster moving air = less pressure on top

Bernoulllie’s Equation

 Using Bernoulli’s
Burnoooi’s Principle

 Toricelli’s Theorem