EUR303 – EU Institutions and Policies

Presentation

Yavuz Elbistan
20090111
European Union Relations
EUROPEAN UNION and TURKEY
 Turkey, European Economic
Community partnership has
applied.Was the leader of the
Democratic Party and Prime
Minister Adnan Menderes,
this application on behalf of
Turkey.Menderes, for this
application, stated that
Turkey has taken the first
step in Europe.(1959 July 31)
1958 February 3
 In July 1959, shortly after the
creation of the European Economic
Community in 1958, Turkey made its
first application to join. The EEC's
response to Turkey's application in
1959 was to suggest the
establishment of an association until
Turkey's circumstances permitted its
accession. The ensuing negotiations
resulted in the signature of the
Agreement Creating An Association
Between The Republic of Turkey and
the European Economic Community
(the "Ankara Agreement") on 12
September 1963.
The preparation period for the integration
of Turkey's European Economic
Community, and the final period of the
transitional period foresaw in three
circuit. The first term of the Agreement
enters into force as of December 1, 1964
has started. To reduce economic
differences between the Parties'
Preparatory Period as specified in this
period, Turkey never served any
obligation. Plant for the functioning of the
partnership relations between the two
sides established some institutions. These
are the highest level decision-making
body of the Council of the Association.
 Signed on November 13, 1970,
and the Additional Protocol
entered into force in 1973 along
with,Ankara Agreement
envisaged the preparation period
has ended and the "Transition
Period" on what conditions were
determined. Between the parties
in this period of industrial
products, agricultural products
and the completion of the
Customs Union and free
movement of persons envisaged.
 As of 1971, within the framework of the Additional
Protocol, the Community,except for some oil and
textile products imported from Turkey of all custom
taxes and quantitative restrictions on industrial goods
reduced one-sided. On the other hand, Turkey's
customs taxes industrial products from the EU Customs
Union to the gradual reset of foreseen, and thus
recognized a period of 22 years to enter into force.
Turkey-EU relations, the beginning of the 1980s until
the second half of the 1970s, followed by a cruise to
the unstable political and economic reasons.
Following the military coup of September 12, 1980
was officially suspended relations.
In 1983, with the re-
establishment of civil
administration, Turkey's for
Outsourcing process started
again. Thus, suspended since
September 12, 1980 started
the process of the
revitalization of the EEC-
Turkey relations.
 Turkey, April 14, 1987, the
Ankara Agreement, without
waiting for the completion of
specified periods, have applied
for membership. The
Commission announced on 18
December 1989 on the
application in view of its
internal integration and stated
that completing the
Community can not accept a
new member.
 Provided for in the Additional Protocol of the
Customs Union in 1995,began the preparations
necessary for the completion. Two years of
negotiations held on March 5, 1995 meeting of the
Association Council in accordance with the Customs
Union between Turkey and the EU entered into
force on January 1, 1996. Customs Union, Turkey's
integration with the European Union is one of the
most important steps towards its goal of
partnership relations, and Turkey-EU relations has
brought a separate dimension.
Turning point in Turkey-EU relations, held in Helsinki
on 10-11 December 1999, the EU Heads of State and
Government Summit. Turkey's candidacy at the
Helsinki Summit officially approved and will be in an
equal position with other candidate countries are
expressed in clear and precise language.
 Helsinki Summit, as well as for
the other candidate countries
agreed to prepare the Accession
Partnership for Turkey. The first
Accession Partnership for Turkey
adopted by the Council on
March 8, 2001.On the
implementation of the priorities
in the Accession Partnership
with the program and timetable
of the National Programme,
approved by the Government on
March 19, 2001.
 Accession Partnership by the European Union,
2003, 2005, 2006 and 2008 were revised. National
Programme, the 2003, 2005 and 2008 have been
updated.During this period, which is a prerequisite
for the opening of negotiations, the law of
adjustment packages to meet the political criteria
have been extensively Parliament.
 Summit in Brussels on December 17, 2004, more
experienced a turning point in EU-Turkey relations and
Summit of Turkey meets the political criteria by
specifying sufficiently the extent it was decided to start
negotiations on 3 October 2005.
 Intergovernmental Conference on October 3, 2005
in Luxembourg and Turkey's EU accession
negotiations formally started.The same day, a press
conference was published in the negotiating
framework for Turkey.
 EU Accession Negotiations
There are three key elements of the negotiations

I. Without exception, the implementation of the

Copenhagen political criteria, the deepening of
political reforms and internalization,
II. Adoption and implementation of the EU acquis,
III. The public opinion of the EU countries and Turkey
for the public execution of a communication
strategy.
 EU ACQUIS
The EU acquis, the EU legal system is the name
given. Approximately 120 thousand pages long. And
later amended the treaties establishing the EU, the
candidate countries participating in the EU
accession treaties signed by the Council, the
Commission, the Court of Justice of the European
Communities refers to the legislation of a whole the
Community bodies having produced. These acquis
classified in accordance with chapters 35 and
negotiations.
14 titles to date opened, closed
only one title, 13 title
negotiations are still underway.
Partly the negotiations with
the EU Commission's
recommendation has been
suspended with 8 titles.
 The Making of Modern Turkey
The making of modern Turkey raises an interesting
question for the students of social change, since
neither the class-based understanding of revolution
nor the (postcolonial) state-oriented development
theory can be used as an explanatory model.
Nevertheless, just as other post-colonial states, the
history of the making of modern Turkey has been that
of Westernisation, conditioned by “the will to
(Western) civilisation”.
[Keyman,Fuat(2004), European Integration and the
Transformation of Turkish Democracy, EU-Turkey Working
Paper,No:2]
 The Kemalist will to civilisation has attempted to
achieve this end through the process of nation-state
building and therefore acted as a project of modernity,
which was premised on the equation of modernity with
progress: the making of a modern nation through the
introduction and the dissemination of Western reason
and rationality into what was regarded as traditional
and backward social relations. It is in this sense that the
connection between Kemalism and modernity is what
needs to be explored, in order to provide an adequate
account of the dilemma of Turkish nationalism.
[Keyman,Fuat(2004), European Integration and the
Transformation of Turkish Democracy, EU-Turkey Working
Paper,No:2]
 Şerif Mardin argues that the meaning of Kemalism lies in
“the conceptualisation of the Turkish Republic as a
nation-state in its fullest form” (our emphasis), and finds
its expression in its constant effort to create a modern
nation.Mardin’s seemingly straightforward and sensible
argument in fact carries with it a number of crucial
insights for a more adequate understanding of Kemalism.
 In the Turkish context, the issue of
human rights is very much linked with
the treatment of minorities,particularly
the Kurds. Turkey’s human rights record
was poor in the 1990s, mostly owing to
the measures taken to combat PKK
terrorism. The most significant of such
measures was the state of emergency
that extended to cover ten cities (where
the military and governors enjoyed
immense power), the establishment of
the village guards system and the Anti-
Terror Law, which contained severe
restrictions on human rights and liberties.
[Keyman,Fuat(2004), European Integration and
the
Transformation of Turkish Democracy, EU-Turkey
Working Paper,No:2]
According to me, The advantages of Turkey’s EU membership;
Today has gained a new dimension to the relationship
between the European Union and Turkey.
An example of this economic crisis in Europe.
Turkey, less affected by the crisis than other European
countries. This is part of the confidence in Turkey has
changed
 Tension in the Middle East,
Turkey has highlighted.
Experienced this tension,
Turkey acts as an intermediary
between the Middle East and
Europe. Turkey, a
predominantly Muslim
community of interest in the
middle east and the Turkish
leaders, increased the
importance of turkey to
Europe today.
Despite the false expectations of the anti-Turkey lobbies
in Europe that, owing to its
authoritarian,Kemalist,militaristic and state-centric
traditions,Turkey could not initialise the political reform
process to consolidate its democracy, both the AKP
government and the state elite have demonstrated a
strong political will to meet the Copenhagen political
criteria.
[Keyman,Fuat(2004), European Integration and the
Transformation of Turkish Democracy, EU-Turkey Working Paper,No:2]
 The most important
advantage of Turkey's
geopolitical
position.Turkey center of
power of the states,
located in the center.
Today, the power centers
of the geography of the
world, the USA, Russia,
EU, ​China and Japan.
 The future of relations between Turkey and the
European Union,if the European Union's energy needs
and security policy to be shaped according to,more
opportunities and advantages that Turkey and EU,
Turkey to defend the Union to exclude that there are
no luxury.
 In recent years, Turkey’s reform process,
aimed at opening of accession negotiations
with the European Union, has been
impressive. Since August 2002, the Turkish
parliament has made a number of important
legal and constitutional changes to upgrade
Turkish democracy in accordance with
European standards.
[Keyman,Fuat(2004), European Integration and the
Transformation of Turkish Democracy, EU-Turkey Working
Paper,No:2]
 As the EU’s enlargement commissioner Gunter
Verheugen has suggested, both the European
Commission’s report on Turkey’s readiness to begin the
full accession negotiations and the EU’s final decision at
the end of the year should “use the same methodology
and benchmarks, the same criteria and same rules” that
have been applied to other new members of the EU and
should not have “higher or lower standards for Turkey”
or involve “double standards”. “We cannot have double
standards. We cannot have 100 percent
implementations. We do not do that even with our own
countries” [Keyman,Fuat(2004), European Integration and the
Transformation of Turkish Democracy, EU-Turkey Working
Paper,No:2]
According to me, The disadvantages of Turkey’s EU membership;

However, in terms of membership of the European Union to

be a Muslim society is always constituted an obstacle.
Turkey,in case of a full member of will be the first Muslim
community in the European Union.
Another problem with the young people to have a
turkey.Because young people are more to Turkey
compared to Europe.This will cause the turkey to
take an active role in the European Union.
 Cyprus problem is an important disadvantage for
Turkey's full membership.Turkey to open its ports to
Southern Cyprus, is one of the preconditions for full
membership offered.
 Political developments between Turkey and the
European countries, show that membership is now
closer. The changing management France, Europe in
the economic crisis, shows that as the savior of
Turkey.
But for Turkey, in my opinion; the European Union
membership policy is always going to be an
essential, but to accept the conditions imposed
should realize that whether the road. Turkey's
membership in the union without violating its own
lines is not a realistic approach to the subject.
 Resources and References
• The future of Turkey in the European Union, Futures 37 (2005) 303–316,
Aylin Güney (Department of Political Science, Bilkent University, Ankara,
Turkey)

• Turkey’s accession to the European Union, Futures 38 (2006) 197–211, Elif

Üçer (University of Cologne, Hebbelstrasse 52 A, D-50968 Cologne, Germany)

• European Integration and the Transformation of Turkish Democracy, EU-

Turkey Working Paper No:2 (2004) 1-54, Senem Aydın (Research Fellow at
the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) and a Ph.D. candidate at the
Vrije Universiteit Brussels) and Fuat Keyman (Professor of International Relations
at Koç University and a member of the Coordination Board of EFPF)

• Ministry of European Union in Turkey website

• Ministry of Economics in Turkey website
• Wikipedia website , Internet encyclopedia
Şerif Mardin, after 13 years of teaching at the University of Ankara,
Boğaziçi University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative
Sciences Department of Sociology She made the founder (1973).
Then about 13 years as Chairman of the American University in
Washington and the Islamic Research Center. Then the thought of
Turkey, Sabanci University, a program that will enhance the work of
about the Same Period returned at the beginning of the Turkish.
Emeritus status in 2011, still works at the same Faculty. People,
history, sociology, popular culture issues published every Sunday in
the real would chat there somewhere, Oguz Haksever's
administration, along with Vassaf and Murat Belge in the daytime.
 Fuat Keyman, Sabancı University
faculty member of the Department
of international relations, Koç
University, Director of the Research
Centre (GLODEM), globalization
and Democratization and economic
and foreign policy research center
(EDAM) founding member of the
Board. Democratization,
globalization, international
relations, civil society and the
State-community relations in
Turkey has been working on. Prof.
Keyman's numerous books
published in Turkey and abroad
and article work.
 Senem Aydın
Assistant Professor Doctor
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences/International
Relations Department/European Union relations

Vrije Universiteit Brussel, PhD in Political Sciences MSc in

European Politics and Policy, LSE BA in Political Science and
International Relations,Bogazici University