Groups and

Teams
PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY:

Mr. Balbir Swami Harpreet Singh (06)

Raktim Chaudhuri (23)
Vaibhav Kesharwani (34)
Vivek Shakywar (37)
Defining Groups
Classifying Groups
 Why People Join
• Security Groups
• Status
• Self­esteem
• Affiliation
• Power
• Goal Achievement
Stages of Group
Development
1)Forming: members get to know each other and
reach common goals.

2)Storming: members disagree on direction and

leadership.

3)Norming: close ties and consensus begin to develop

between members.

4)Performing: group does its real work.

5)Adjourning: only for task forces that are
temporary.
STAGES OF GROUP
DEVELOPMENT
An Alternative Model: For Temporary
Groups with Deadlines

Sequence of actions:
1. Setting group direction
2. First phase of inertia
3. Half­way point transition
4. Major changes
5. Second phase of inertia
6. Accelerated activity
The Punctuated-Equilibrium
Model
 Group Properties

1.Roles
2.Norms
3.Status
4.Size
5.Cohesiveness
1.ROLES
ROLES (CONTINUATION)
2.NORMS

Classes of Norms:
□ Performance norms
□ Appearance norms
□ Social arrangement norms
□ Allocation of resources norms
NORMS (CONTINUATION)

Irwin/McGraw-Hill
 3.Status

• Status and Norms
• Status and Group Interaction
• Status Inequity
• Status and Stigmatization
• Group Status
Status Determinants:
✔ Power of person
✔ Person’s ability to
contribute to the group
✔ Individual’s characteristics.
 4.Size
Performance

d
te

)
ng
c

i
pe

f
oa
ol
Ex

t
(due
tual
Ac

Group Size
 Reducing Social Loafing

• Set Up Goals
• Increase
Intergroup
Competition
• Engage In Peer
Evaluation REDUC Social
• Selection Of E Loafing
Members
• Rewards
 5.Group Cohesiveness
Group cohesiveness: Degree of
motivation to stay in the group.

Increasing group
cohesiveness:
1. Make the group
smaller.
2. Encourage agreement with group
goals.
3. Increase time members spend
together.
4. Increase group status and admission
difficultly.
5. Stimulate competition with other
groups.
6. Give rewards to the group, not
individuals.
Relationship Between Group
Cohesiveness, Performance Norms,
and Productivity
 6. DIVERSITY
Degree to which members of the group are similar
to or different from one another.

Limitations Benefits

• Increase Conflicts • Unique ways of

• lowers group morale Problem Solving
• Increases dropout rates • Fosters open-
• Lowers Productivity mindedness
• Faultiness • Encourages
Creativity
• Better Performance
 Group Decision Making
 Weaknesses  Strengths
□ More time consuming □ More complete
□ Increased pressure to information
conform □ Increased diversity of views
□ Domination by one or a few □ Higher quality of
members decisions
□ Ambiguous □ Increased acceptance of
responsibility solutions
 Group Versus
GROUP VERSUSIndividual Decision
INDIVIDUAL 14-23

Making
DECISION MAKING

• ACCURACY

•SPEED

•CREATIVITY

•ACCEPTANCE

• EXTENSIVE

• CONFLICTS
 GROUP DECISION
MAKING

GROUPTHINK:
A phenomenon in which the norm
for consensus overrides the realistic
appraisal of alternative courses of
action.
GROUPSHIFT:
A change between a group’s decision
and an individual decision that a
member within a group would make
Group Decision-Making Techniques

©The McGraw-
Hill Companies,
Inc., 2000
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
1
4

2
5

©The McGraw-
-

Hill Companies,
Inc., 2000
Meaning of Team
 A group of people who share a common name,
mission, set of goals or objectives and
expectations
Formal group made up of interdependent

individuals who are responsible for the

attainment of a goal
Why Teams?
⚫Good when performing complicated,
complex, interrelated and/or more
voluminous work than one person can handle
⚫Good when knowledge, talent, skills, and
abilities are dispersed across organizational
members
⚫Empowerment and collaboration; not power
and competition
⚫Basis for total quality efforts
Types of Teams
Problem Solving Teams:
Groups of 5 to 12
employees from the same
department who meet for
a few hours each week to
discuss ways of improving
quality, efficiency, and the
work environment.
Self-Managed Work Teams:
Groups of 10 to 15
employees who take on
responsibilities of their
former supervisors.
 Types of Teams (cont’d)

Cross Functional
Team:
Employees from about the
same hierarchial level but
from different work areas
who come together to
accomplish a task.

Virtual Teams:
Teams that use computer
technology to tie together
physically dispersed
members in order to
achieve a common goal.
Types of Team (cont’d)

Multi Team Systems:

A collection of two or more interdependent teams that
share a superordinate goal; a team of teams.
Teams in Modern Workplace
 Types of Interpesonal Skills Used in
Managing Teams
.
Team Effectiveness Model
Turning Individuals into
Team Players

1. Selection: hiring team player

2. Training: creating team
players
3. Rewarding: providing
incentives to be a good team
player
Group vs Team
Comparing Work Groups and
Work Teams