Bahan Konstruksi Teknik Kimia (BKTK)

Pertemuan 1:
Pendahuluan
 The choice of material influences
the safety, reliability, lifetime, and
cost of the equipment

Many criteria must be considered,

and many types of materials exist
Tipe-tipe material
 Logam
1. Besi
2. Non besi (Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Ni, Cr, dll)
3. Paduan Logam (Alloy)
 Non Logam:
1. Polimer (plastik, kayu, serat, karet)
2. Semen dan Keramik (gelas, bata tahan
api, email, dll.)
 Protective Coating
Kriteria pemilihan material
Pedoman ini dapat dijadikan penentuan skala prioritas untuk
memilih suatu material:
 Karakteristik mekanis (strength, hardness, dll.)
 Karakteristik termal (konduktivitas termal, panas jenis, muai
panas)
 Kemampuan Tahan terhadap korosi (Corrosion resistance)
 Karakteristik lain: sifat kemagnetan, konduktivitas listrik,
konstanta dielektrik dll.
 Kemudahan pabrikasi (forming, welding, casting)
 Ketersediaan dalam ukuran standar (plates, sections, tubes)
 Biaya / Cost
 Kontaminasi
Process Engineer
 Many factors have to be considered when selecting engineering
materials, but for chemical process plant the overriding
consideration is usually the ability to resist corrosion.
 The process designer will be responsible for recommending
materials that will be suitable for the process conditions.
 Process designer must also consider the requirements of the
mechanical design engineer; the material selected must have
sufficient strength and be easily worked.
 The most economical material that satisfies both process and
mechanical requirements should be selected; this will be the
material that gives the lowest cost over the working life of the plant,
allowing for maintenance and replacement.
 Other factors, such as product contamination and process safety,
must also be considered.
Right material selection impact
Optimum use of materials can contribute directly to many of
the goals stated in the chemical industry vision.
Specifically, efficient selection of materials could
promote:
 Optimization of existing processes to improve energy
efficiency;
 Efficient design of new processes;
 Improvements in health, safety, and environment; and

 Reduction in the cost of process operation.

Standards for Materials of Construction
 allow designers and users of materials to expect certain minimums
of performance from specific materials
 Producers that manufacture materials to accepted standards can
also be more confident of a ready market and can produce in large
quantities.

A number of organizations currently generate standards:

 American National Standards Institute (ANSI),
 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),
 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),
 National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE),
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Essentially all these standards apply to common materials of

construction (e.g., metals, alloys, plastics, bricks, glass, etc.).